标签：mysql基础命令
一、MySQL服务操作
1、启动与关闭Mysql
将源码support-files目录中的mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL..... [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnt |grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
2、登陆MySQL方法
1）mysql ----刚装完系统无密码情况登录方式
2）mysql -uroot ----刚装完系统无密码情况登录方式
3）mysql -uroot -p ---标准的dba命令行登录命令
4）mysql -uroot -p‘密码‘ --脚本中使用，密码明文会泄露密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ---mysql命令以分号;或\g结束。
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.38-log Source distribution ---版本信息
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. --帮助信息
mysql> --mysql的提示符
3、mysql 的帮助
MySQL中的help和linux命令行的man相似。想查看MySQL中的命令语法，就需要用help，如help create,MySQL中不区分大小写。
mysql> help
For information about MySQL products and services, visit:
http://www.mysql.com/
For developer information, including the MySQL Reference Manual, visit:
http://dev.mysql.com/
To buy MySQL Enterprise support, training, or other products, visit:
https://shop.mysql.com/
List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ‘;‘
? (\?) Synonym for `help‘.
clear (\c) Clear the current input statement.
connect (\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
delimiter (\d) Set statement delimiter.
edit (\e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
ego (\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
exit (\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
go (\g) Send command to mysql server.
help (\h) Display this help.
nopager (\n) Disable pager, print to stdout.
notee (\t) Don‘t write into outfile.
pager (\P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER.
print (\p) Print current command.
prompt (\R) Change your mysql prompt.
quit (\q) Quit mysql.
rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash.
source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument.
status (\s) Get status information from the server.
system (\!) Execute a system shell command.
tee (\T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile.
use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument.
charset (\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets.
warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement.
nowarning (\w) Don‘t show warnings after every statement.
For server side help, type ‘help contents‘
mysql> help create
Many help items for your request exist.
To make a more specific request, please type ‘help <item>‘,
where <item> is one of the following
topics:
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE EVENT
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE FUNCTION UDF
CREATE INDEX
CREATE LOGFILE GROUP
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE SERVER
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW
SHOW
SHOW CREATE DATABASE
SHOW CREATE EVENT
SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
SHOW CREATE TABLE
SPATIAL
mysql> help create database
Name: ‘CREATE DATABASE‘
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
[create_specification] ...
create_specification:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name
CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this
statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE
SCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-database.html
4、退出MySQL方法
mysql> quit 或 exit
二、设置及修改mysql root用户密码
1、设置密码的方法
安装mysql后，默认的管理员root密码为空，不安全，需要修改。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password ‘密码‘ --适合没有密码的情况，安装后
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p ‘旧密码‘ password ‘新密码‘ --已知密码，改密码
2、修改root密码
1) [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p‘pwd@123‘ password ‘123‘
2）mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root |localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user
-> set password=password(‘pwd@123‘)
-> where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
---此方法适合--skip-grant-tables方式修改密码
3）mysql> set password=password(‘123‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
---此方法不适合--skip-grant-tables方式修改密码
mysql> set password=password(‘benet‘);
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
3、如何找回丢失的密码
1）先停止msyqld服务
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
2）使用忽略授权表的方式登录
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 50520
[root@localhost ~]# 140722 10:11:02 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.err‘.
140722 10:11:02 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.38-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root |localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user
-> set password=password(‘pwd@123‘)
-> where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3）重启用新密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# killall -9 mysqld
mysqld: no process killed
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
MySQL server PID file could not be found! [FAILED]
Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
三、创建数据库
1、建立一个名为benet的默认数据库
mysql> create database benet_default;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| benet_default |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database benet_default;
+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| benet_default | CREATE DATABASE `benet_default` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database benet_gbk default character set gbk collate gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create database benet_gbk;
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| benet_gbk | CREATE DATABASE `benet_gbk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database benet_utf8 character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database benet_utf8;
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| benet_utf8 | CREATE DATABASE `benet_utf8` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2、显示数据库
mysql> show databases like ‘%benet%‘;
+--------------------+
| Database (%benet%) |
+--------------------+
| benet_default |
| benet_gbk |
| benet_utf8 |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、删除数据库
mysql> drop database if exists benet_default;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases like ‘%benet%‘;
+--------------------+
| Database (%benet%) |
+--------------------+
| benet_gbk |
| benet_utf8 |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、连接数据库
1、mysql> help use
Name: ‘USE‘
Description:
Syntax:
USE db_name
The USE db_name statement tells MySQL to use the db_name database as
the default (current) database for subsequent statements. The database
remains the default until the end of the session or another USE
statement is issued:
USE db1;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; # selects from db1.mytable
USE db2;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable; # selects from db2.mytable
URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/use.html
mysql> select database(); ---查看当前连接的数据库
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> system pwd;
/root
mysql> use benet_gbk;
Database changed
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| benet_gbk |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select version(); --查看当前版本
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.38-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user(); ----查看当前用户
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> show tables; --查看表
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
五、删除系统多余帐号
mysql> drop user ‘root‘@‘127.0.0.1‘;
本文出自 “R博士的自由空间” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://zhangxiaoguang.blog.51cto.com/79856/1626185
标签：mysql基础命令
原文地址：http://zhangxiaoguang.blog.51cto.com/79856/1626185
