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这一篇将在之前的代码生成器上讲解多线程的应用,多线程的概念和好处这里就不多说了,另外从本篇开始后面的实例代码都将放到淘宝的SVN管理工具上维护,大家可以直接使用SVN工具进行下载。好了下面进入本篇内容。
阅读目录
这里先讲一下线程在Web程序中的一个应用,之前的那一版代码生成器没有考虑表数量多的情形,这里先模拟一下在数据库中创建300张表的情形,下面给出创建表的语句 。
--模拟创建300张表,@IsDropTable=0 表示创建表 IsDropTable=1 表示删除创建的模拟表 DECLARE @IsDropTable AS BIT DECLARE @total AS INT DECLARE @i AS INT SELECT @i=1,@total=300,@IsDropTable=0 WHILE @i<=@total BEGIN DECLARE @strSQL AS VARCHAR(1000) --创建表 SELECT @strSQL=‘ CREATE TABLE myTest‘+CONVERT(VARCHAR,@i)+‘ ( [UserGUID] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL ) EXEC sp_addextendedproperty N‘‘MS_Description‘‘, N‘‘用户表‘‘, ‘‘SCHEMA‘‘, N‘‘dbo‘‘, ‘‘TABLE‘‘, N‘‘myTest‘+CONVERT(VARCHAR,@i)+‘‘‘, NULL, NULL EXEC sp_addextendedproperty N‘‘MS_Description‘‘, N‘‘用户GUID‘‘, ‘‘SCHEMA‘‘, N‘‘dbo‘‘, ‘‘TABLE‘‘, N‘‘myTest‘+CONVERT(VARCHAR,@i)+‘‘‘, ‘‘COLUMN‘‘, N‘‘UserGUID‘‘ ‘ IF @IsDropTable=1 BEGIN --删除表 SELECT @strSQL=‘DROP TABLE myTest‘+CONVERT(VARCHAR,@i) END EXEC(@strSQL) SELECT @i=@i+1 END
我们来看下执行时间,差不多用了22秒,时间还是挺长的。可以将代码改造一下,使用多线程来生成代码。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Web; using System.Configuration; using System.Collections; using System.IO; using System.Data; using System.Threading; namespace Mysoft.Code.Services { /// <summary> /// 代码生成类 /// </summary> public class CodeGenerator { //模版文件路径 private static string tmpPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("/实体模版/Entity.vm"); //模版输出路径 private static string outPutPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["outputPath"]); private static readonly int Number10 = 400; private static readonly int MaxThreadCount = 4; /// <summary> /// 批量生成代码 /// </summary> /// <param name="args">模版文件参数</param> public static void BatchGenerator(List<Hashtable> args) { if (!Directory.Exists(outPutPath)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(outPutPath); } //生成文件数量<Number10,则不开启线程生成 if (args.Count < Number10) { DoWork(args); } else { //计算需要的线程数 int threadCount = args.Count % Number10 == 0 ? args.Count / Number10 : args.Count / Number10 + 1; if (threadCount > MaxThreadCount) { threadCount = MaxThreadCount; } //每个线程需要生成的实体数量 int threadPqgeSize = (args.Count / threadCount) + 1; int total = 0; //为每个线程准备参数 List<List<Hashtable>> threadParams = new List<List<Hashtable>>(); for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) { threadParams.Add(args.Skip(total).Take(threadPqgeSize).ToList()); total += threadParams[i].Count; } //创建线程 List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>(); for (int i = 1; i < threadCount; i++) { Thread thread = new Thread(DoWork); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Name = "CodeGenerator #" + i.ToString(); threads.Add(thread); thread.Start(threadParams[i]); } // 为当前线程指派生成任务。 DoWork(threadParams[0]); // 等待所有的编译线程执行线束。 foreach (Thread thread in threads) { thread.Join(); } } } private static void DoWork(Object listArgs) { List<Hashtable> list = (List<Hashtable>)listArgs; foreach (Hashtable ht in list) { FileGen.GetFile(tmpPath, ht, string.Format("{0}\\{1}.cs", outPutPath, ((DataTable)ht["T"]).Rows[0]["table_name"].ToString())); } } } }
代码思路,判断要生成的实体数量和Number10的关系,然后计算所需的线程数。
关键的一点是 thread.Join(),这段是主线程等待每个线程执行完成。现在再来看下执行时间,差不多用了13秒,节省了将近10S的时间。
下面来考虑这样的一个场景,在生成了文件的时候马上在列表中提示实体生成完成,即进度提示的功能。我们来看下winform中的两种实现方式。
1.利用委托实现
先看一下普通线程实现方式,执行的时候会抛出如下异常。
foreach (var key in query) { dv.RowFilter = "tableid=" + key.tableid; DataTable dtTable = dv.ToTable(); Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); ht["T"] = dtTable; string tableName = dtTable.Rows[0]["table_name"].ToString(); FileGen.GetFile(tmpPath, ht, string.Format("{0}\\{1}.cs", outPutPath, tableName)); Thread thread = new Thread(BindMessage); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Name = "BindMessage:" + key.tableid; thread.Start(tableName); }
先看一下msdn的介绍:
访问 Windows 窗体控件本质上不是线程安全的。如果有两个或多个线程操作某一控件的状态,则可能会迫使该控件进入一种不一致的状态。还可能出现其他与线程相关的 bug,包括争用情况和死锁。确保以线程安全方式访问控件非常重要。
C#中禁止跨线程直接访问控件,InvokeRequired是为了解决这个问题而产生的,当一个控件的InvokeRequired属性值为真时,说明有一个创建它以外的线程想访问它。
于是改变了思路,新建线程用以执行耗时的生成代码操作,在每生成一个实体时,通知UI线程更新dataGridView,达到实时更新的效果,这样主线程也不会阻塞了。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using Mysoft.Map.Extensions.DAL; using System.Collections; using Mysoft.Code.Services; using System.IO; using System.Threading; namespace ThreadWin { public partial class MainForm : Form { //模版文件路径 private static string tmpPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"实体模版\Entity.vm"; //模版输出路径 private static string outPutPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"模版输出路径"; private DataTable dtInfo = new DataTable(); /// <summary> /// 消息发送请求委托 /// </summary> /// <param name="Msg">消息</param> delegate void SetMessageCallBack(object Msg); public MainForm() { InitializeComponent(); dtInfo.Columns.Add("TableName"); dtInfo.Columns.Add("Info"); dtInfo.Columns.Add("Time"); Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false; } private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { dtInfo.Clear(); if (!Directory.Exists(outPutPath)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(outPutPath); } //1.耗时的操作放在新建线程里面执行 Thread thread = new Thread(GeneratorFile); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start(); //2.使用系统的线程池进行线程操作 //ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(GeneratorFile); } /// <summary> /// 这里进行耗时的生成代码操作 /// </summary> private void GeneratorFile() { //循环生成实体,并且在列表上显示进度 DataTable dt = GetAllTableInfo(); DataView dv = dt.DefaultView; var query = (from p in dt.AsEnumerable() group p by new { TableId = p.Field<int>("tableid"), TableName = p.Field<string>("table_name") } into q select new { TableId = q.Key.TableId, TableName = q.Key.TableName } ); foreach (var key in query) { dv.RowFilter = "tableid=" + key.TableId; DataTable dtTable = dv.ToTable(); Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); ht["T"] = dtTable; string tableName = dtTable.Rows[0]["table_name"].ToString(); FileGen.GetFile(tmpPath, ht, string.Format("{0}\\{1}.cs", outPutPath, key.TableName)); //消息提示 DataRow dr = dtInfo.NewRow(); dr["TableName"] = tableName; dr["Info"] = "生成成功"; dr["Time"] = DateTime.Now.ToString(); dtInfo.Rows.Add(dr); DataView dvOrder = dtInfo.DefaultView; dvOrder.Sort = "Time DESC"; DataTable dtinfo = dvOrder.ToTable(); if (this.dataGridView.InvokeRequired) { SetMessageCallBack stms = new SetMessageCallBack(BindMessage); if (this != null) { this.Invoke(stms, new object[] { dtinfo }); } } else { dataGridView.DataSource = dvOrder.ToTable(); } } } /// <summary> /// 列表显示最新消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="dt"></param> private void BindMessage(object dt) { dataGridView.DataSource = dt; } /// <summary> /// 获取所有表信息 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public DataTable GetAllTableInfo() { string strSQL = @" SELECT T.name AS table_name , T.object_id AS tableid, ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), E.value), ‘‘) AS table_name_c , C.name AS field_name , ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), D.value), ‘‘) AS field_name_c , ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY T.name ORDER BY C.colid) AS field_sequence , TYPE_NAME(C.xtype) AS date_type , (CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘PK‘ AND name IN ( SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE id = C.id AND indid IN ( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = C.id AND colid = C.colid ) ) ) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS pk , ISNULL(C.isnullable, 1) AS isnullable , ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(c.id, c.name, ‘IsIdentity‘), 0) AS isidentity FROM sys.tables AS T LEFT JOIN syscolumns AS C ON c.id = T.object_id LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties AS D ON D.major_id = T.object_id AND D.minor_id = C.colid AND D.major_id = C.id LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties AS E ON E.major_id = T.object_id AND E.minor_id = 0 WHERE T.object_id IN (SELECT object_id FROM sys.Tables)"; return CPQuery.From(strSQL).FillDataTable(); } } }
2.BackgroundWorker
除了自己使用Thread或者ThreadPool来实现跨线程更新UI还可以使用BackgroundWorker组件来实现该效果。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using Mysoft.Map.Extensions.DAL; using System.Collections; using Mysoft.Code.Services; using System.IO; using System.Threading; namespace ThreadWin { public partial class BackgroundWorkerForm : Form { //模版文件路径 private static string tmpPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"实体模版\Entity.vm"; //模版输出路径 private static string outPutPath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"模版输出路径"; private DataTable dtInfo = new DataTable(); /// <summary> /// 消息发送请求委托 /// </summary> /// <param name="Msg">消息</param> delegate void SetMessageCallBack(object Msg); public BackgroundWorkerForm() { InitializeComponent(); dtInfo.Columns.Add("TableName"); dtInfo.Columns.Add("Info"); dtInfo.Columns.Add("Time"); Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false; } private void btn_OK_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { dtInfo.Clear(); if (!Directory.Exists(outPutPath)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(outPutPath); } //判断线程是否Busy if (mBackgroundWorker.IsBusy) { MessageBox.Show("当前进程正在生成代码,请等待本次操作完成!"); return; } mBackgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); } private void mBackgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { BackgroundWorker bw = (BackgroundWorker)sender; //循环生成实体,并且在列表上显示进度 DataTable dt = GetAllTableInfo(); DataView dv = dt.DefaultView; var query = (from p in dt.AsEnumerable() group p by new { TableId = p.Field<int>("tableid"), TableName = p.Field<string>("table_name") } into q select new { TableId = q.Key.TableId, TableName = q.Key.TableName } ); foreach (var key in query) { dv.RowFilter = "tableid=" + key.TableId; DataTable dtTable = dv.ToTable(); Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); ht["T"] = dtTable; string tableName = dtTable.Rows[0]["table_name"].ToString(); FileGen.GetFile(tmpPath, ht, string.Format("{0}\\{1}.cs", outPutPath, key.TableName)); //消息提示 DataRow dr = dtInfo.NewRow(); dr["TableName"] = tableName; dr["Info"] = "生成成功"; dr["Time"] = DateTime.Now.ToString(); dtInfo.Rows.Add(dr); DataView dvOrder = dtInfo.DefaultView; dvOrder.Sort = "Time DESC"; DataTable dtinfo = dvOrder.ToTable(); //通知进度改变 bw.ReportProgress(0, dtinfo); } } /// <summary> /// 进度改变执行 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void mBackgroundWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { dataGridView.DataSource = e.UserState; } /// <summary> /// 获取所有表信息 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public DataTable GetAllTableInfo() { string strSQL = @" SELECT T.name AS table_name , T.object_id AS tableid, ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), E.value), ‘‘) AS table_name_c , C.name AS field_name , ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), D.value), ‘‘) AS field_name_c , ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY T.name ORDER BY C.colid) AS field_sequence , TYPE_NAME(C.xtype) AS date_type , (CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘PK‘ AND name IN ( SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE id = C.id AND indid IN ( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = C.id AND colid = C.colid ) ) ) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS pk , ISNULL(C.isnullable, 1) AS isnullable , ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(c.id, c.name, ‘IsIdentity‘), 0) AS isidentity FROM sys.tables AS T LEFT JOIN syscolumns AS C ON c.id = T.object_id LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties AS D ON D.major_id = T.object_id AND D.minor_id = C.colid AND D.major_id = C.id LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties AS E ON E.major_id = T.object_id AND E.minor_id = 0 WHERE T.object_id IN (SELECT object_id FROM sys.Tables)"; return CPQuery.From(strSQL).FillDataTable(); } } }
1.操作步骤很简单,从组件里面拖一个BackgroundWorker组件设置WorkerReportsProgress(是否允许通知进度改变)为true
2.添加DoWork(进行耗时操作) 和 ProgressChanged(进度改变执行) 方法
在写数据字典生成工具之前自己对线程的使用还是很模糊的,翻了很多资料和博客才学习到这些知识。如果您感觉本文不错,对您有所帮助,请您不吝点击下右边的推荐按钮,谢谢!
本章代码示例代码下载地址:http://code.taobao.org/svn/DataDic_QuickCode ,请使用SVN进行下载!
目前总共有经过了七个版本的升级,现在提供最新版本的下载地址
数据字典生成工具V2.0安装程序 | 最新安装程序 | |
数据字典生成工具源代码 | 最新源代码 |
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/yanweidie/p/4374913.html