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2014-04-27 19:14
题目:如何测量上下文切换的时间?
解法:首先,上下文切换是什么,一搜就知道。对于这么一个极短的时间,要测量的话,可以通过放大N倍的方法。比如:有A和B两件事,并且经常一起发生,每件只需要花几纳秒。如果你把A事件连续做几百万次,而B时间只做了几次,这样就能排除B事件对于测量的影响。如果总时间S = mA + nB。当m >> n 时,A≈S / m。下面的测量方法类似于打乒乓球,在主线程和副线程间互相传递一个令牌,这个令牌可以是变量、管道之类的用于通信的工具。与此同时,利用操作系统提供的调度函数强制决定调度顺序,用于触发上下文切换。下面这份代码我是照着读完了才写的,初次碰见这个题目还真是无从下手,因为完全没有想到如何触发上下文切换。
代码:
1 // 16.2 How to measure the time of a context switch? 2 // reference code from http://blog.csdn.net/dashon2011/article/details/7412548 3 #include <stdio.h> 4 #include <stdlib.h> 5 #include <sys/time.h> 6 #include <time.h> 7 #include <sched.h> 8 #include <sys/types.h> 9 #include <unistd.h> 10 11 int main() 12 { 13 int x, i, fd[2], p[2]; 14 int tv[2]; 15 char send = ‘s‘; 16 char receive; 17 pipe(fd); 18 pipe(p); 19 pipe(tv); 20 struct timeval tv_start,tv_end; 21 struct sched_param param; 22 param.sched_priority = 0; 23 24 while ((x = fork()) == -1); 25 if (x == 0) { 26 sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, ¶m); 27 gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL); 28 write(tv[1], &tv_start, sizeof(tv_start)); 29 //printf("Before Context Switch Time1.sec %u s\n", tv_start.tv_sec); 30 //printf("Before Context Switch Time1.usec %u us\n", tv_start.tv_usec); 31 for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { 32 read(fd[0], &receive, 1); 33 //printf("Child read!\n"); 34 write(p[1], &send, 1); 35 //printf("Child write!\n"); 36 } 37 exit(0); 38 } 39 else { 40 sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, ¶m); 41 for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { 42 write(fd[1], &send, 1); 43 //printf("Parent write!\n"); 44 read(p[0], &receive, 1); 45 //printf("Parent read!\n"); 46 } 47 gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL); 48 //printf("After Context SWitch Time1.sec %u s\n", tv_end.tv_sec); 49 //printf("After Context SWitch Time1.usec %u us\n", tv_end.tv_usec); 50 51 } 52 read(tv[0], &tv_start, sizeof(tv_start)); 53 //printf("Before Context Switch Time2.sec %u s\n", tv_start.tv_sec); 54 //printf("Before Context Switch Time2.usec %u us\n", tv_start.tv_usec); 55 //printf("Before Context Switch Time %u us\n", tv_start.tv_usec); 56 //printf("After Context SWitch Time2.sec %u s\n", tv_end.tv_sec); 57 //printf("After Context SWitch Time2.usec %u us\n", tv_end.tv_usec); 58 printf("Task Switch Time: %f us\n", (1000000 * (tv_end.tv_sec - tv_start.tv_sec) + tv_end.tv_usec - tv_start.tv_usec) / 20000.0); 59 60 return 0; 61 }
《Cracking the Coding Interview》——第16章:线程与锁——题目2,码迷,mamicode.com
《Cracking the Coding Interview》——第16章:线程与锁——题目2
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuli19901106/p/3695069.html