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在Java编程中,有些知识 并不能仅通过语言规范或者标准API文档就能学到的。在本文中,我会尽量收集一些最常用的习惯用法,特别是很难猜到的用法。(Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》对这个话题给出了更详尽的论述,可以从这本书里学习更多的用法。)
我把本文的所有代码都放在公共场所里。你可以根据自己的喜好去复制和修改任意的代码片段,不需要任何的凭证。
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class
Person { String
name; int
birthYear; byte []
raw; public
boolean
equals(Object obj) { if
(!obj instanceof
Person) return
false ; Person
other = (Person)obj; return
name.equals(other.name) &&
birthYear == other.birthYear &&
Arrays.equals(raw, other.raw); } public
int
hashCode() { ... } } |
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class
Person { String
a; Object
b; byte
c; int []
d; public
int
hashCode() { return
a.hashCode() + b.hashCode() + c + Arrays.hashCode(d); } public
boolean
equals(Object o) { ... } } |
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class
Person implements
Comparable<Person> { String
firstName; String
lastName; int
birthdate; //
Compare by firstName, break ties by lastName, finally break ties by birthdate public
int
compareTo(Person other) { if
(firstName.compareTo(other.firstName) != 0 ) return
firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); else
if
(lastName.compareTo(other.lastName) != 0 ) return
lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); else
if
(birthdate < other.birthdate) return
- 1 ; else
if
(birthdate > other.birthdate) return
1 ; else return
0 ; } } |
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class
Values implements
Cloneable { String
abc; double
foo; int []
bars; Date
hired; public
Values clone() { try
{ Values
result = (Values) super .clone(); result.bars
= result.bars.clone(); result.hired
= result.hired.clone(); return
result; }
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) { //
Impossible throw
new
AssertionError(e); } } } |
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//
join(["a", "b", "c"]) -> "a and b and c" String
join(List<String> strs) { StringBuilder
sb = new
StringBuilder(); boolean
first = true ; for
(String s : strs) { if
(first) first = false ; else
sb.append( "
and " ); sb.append(s); } return
sb.toString(); } |
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Random
rand = new
Random(); //
Between 1 and 6, inclusive int
diceRoll() { return
rand.nextInt( 6 )
+ 1 ; } |
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void
filter(List<String> list) { for
(Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { String
item = iter.next(); if
(...) iter.remove(); } } |
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String
reverse(String s) { return
new
StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString(); } |
下面的三个例子使用了不同的方式完成了同样的事情。
实现Runnnable的方式:
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void
startAThread0() { new
Thread( new
MyRunnable()).start(); } class
MyRunnable implements
Runnable { public
void
run() { ... } } |
继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread1() { new
MyThread().start(); } class
MyThread extends
Thread { public
void
run() { ... } } |
匿名继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread2() { new
Thread() { public
void
run() { ... } }.start(); } |
I/O流例子:
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void
writeStuff() throws
IOException { OutputStream
out = new
FileOutputStream(...); try
{ out.write(...); }
finally
{ out.close(); } } |
锁例子:
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void
doWithLock(Lock lock) { lock.acquire(); try
{ ... }
finally
{ lock.release(); } } |
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InputStream
in = (...); try
{ while
( true )
{ int
b = in.read(); if
(b == - 1 ) break ; (...
process b ...) } }
finally
{ in.close(); } |
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InputStream
in = (...); try
{ byte []
buf = new
byte [ 100 ]; while
( true )
{ int
n = in.read(buf); if
(n == - 1 ) break ; (...
process buf with offset= 0
and length=n ...) } }
finally
{ in.close(); } |
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BufferedReader
in = new
BufferedReader( new
InputStreamReader( new
FileInputStream(...), "UTF-8" )); try
{ while
( true )
{ String
line = in.readLine(); if
(line == null ) break ; (...
process line ...) } }
finally
{ in.close(); } |
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PrintWriter
out = new
PrintWriter( new
OutputStreamWriter( new
FileOutputStream(...), "UTF-8" )); try
{ out.print( "Hello
" ); out.print( 42 ); out.println( "
world!" ); }
finally
{ out.close(); } |
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int
factorial( int
n) { if
(n < 0 ) throw
new
IllegalArgumentException( "Undefined" ); else
if
(n >= 13 ) throw
new
ArithmeticException( "Result
overflow" ); else
if
(n == 0 ) return
1 ; else return
n * factorial(n - 1 ); } |
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int
findIndex(List<String> list, String target) { if
(list == null
|| target == null ) throw
new
NullPointerException(); ... } |
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void
frob( byte []
b, int
index) { if
(b == null ) throw
new
NullPointerException(); if
(index < 0
|| index >= b.length) throw
new
IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... } |
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void
frob( byte []
b, int
off, int
len) { if
(b == null ) throw
new
NullPointerException(); if
(off < 0
|| off > b.length ||
len < 0
|| b.length - off < len) throw
new
IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... } |
使用循环:
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//
Fill each element of array ‘a‘ with 123 byte []
a = (...); for
( int
i = 0 ;
i < a.length; i++) a[i]
= 123 ; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
Arrays.fill(a, (byte)123);
使用循环:
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//
Copy 8 elements from array ‘a‘ starting at offset 3 //
to array ‘b‘ starting at offset 6, //
assuming ‘a‘ and ‘b‘ are distinct arrays byte []
a = (...); byte []
b = (...); for
( int
i = 0 ;
i < 8 ;
i++) b[ 6
+ i] = a[ 3
+ i]; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
System.arraycopy(a, 3, b, 6, 8);
使用循环(扩大规模):
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//
Make array ‘a‘ larger to newLen byte []
a = (...); byte []
b = new
byte [newLen]; for
( int
i = 0 ;
i < a.length; i++) //
Goes up to length of A b[i]
= a[i]; a
= b; |
使用循环(减小规模):
// Make array ‘a‘ smaller to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) // Goes up to length of B b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
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a
= Arrays.copyOf(a, newLen); |
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int
packBigEndian( byte []
b) { return
(b[ 0 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 24 |
(b[ 1 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 16 |
(b[ 2 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 8 |
(b[ 3 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 0 ; } int
packLittleEndian( byte []
b) { return
(b[ 0 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 0 |
(b[ 1 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 8 |
(b[ 2 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 16 |
(b[ 3 ]
& 0xFF )
<< 24 ; } |
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byte []
unpackBigEndian( int
x) { return
new
byte []
{ ( byte )(x
>>> 24 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 16 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 8 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 0 ) }; } byte []
unpackLittleEndian( int
x) { return
new
byte []
{ ( byte )(x
>>> 0 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 8 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 16 ), ( byte )(x
>>> 24 ) }; } |
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/g__hk/article/details/44922733