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在Java编程中,有些知识 并不能仅通过语言规范或者标准API文档就能学到的。在本文中,我会尽量收集一些最常用的习惯用法,特别是很难猜到的用法。(Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》对这个话题给出了更详尽的论述,可以从这本书里学习更多的用法。)
我把本文的所有代码都放在公共场所里。你可以根据自己的喜好去复制和修改任意的代码片段,不需要任何的凭证。
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class
Person { String
name; int
birthYear; byte[]
raw; public
boolean
equals(Object obj) { if
(!obj instanceof
Person) return
false; Person
other = (Person)obj; return
name.equals(other.name) &&
birthYear == other.birthYear &&
Arrays.equals(raw, other.raw); } public
int
hashCode() { ... }} |
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class
Person { String
a; Object
b; byte
c; int[]
d; public
int
hashCode() { return
a.hashCode() + b.hashCode() + c + Arrays.hashCode(d); } public
boolean
equals(Object o) { ... }} |
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class
Person implements
Comparable<Person> { String
firstName; String
lastName; int
birthdate; //
Compare by firstName, break ties by lastName, finally break ties by birthdate public
int
compareTo(Person other) { if
(firstName.compareTo(other.firstName) != 0) return
firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); else
if
(lastName.compareTo(other.lastName) != 0) return
lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); else
if
(birthdate < other.birthdate) return
-1; else
if
(birthdate > other.birthdate) return
1; else return
0; }} |
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class
Values implements
Cloneable { String
abc; double
foo; int[]
bars; Date
hired; public
Values clone() { try
{ Values
result = (Values)super.clone(); result.bars
= result.bars.clone(); result.hired
= result.hired.clone(); return
result; }
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) { //
Impossible throw
new
AssertionError(e); } }} |
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//
join(["a", "b", "c"]) -> "a and b and c"String
join(List<String> strs) { StringBuilder
sb = new
StringBuilder(); boolean
first = true; for
(String s : strs) { if
(first) first = false; else
sb.append("
and "); sb.append(s); } return
sb.toString();} |
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Random
rand = new
Random();//
Between 1 and 6, inclusiveint
diceRoll() { return
rand.nextInt(6)
+ 1;} |
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void
filter(List<String> list) { for
(Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { String
item = iter.next(); if
(...) iter.remove(); }} |
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String
reverse(String s) { return
new
StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();} |
下面的三个例子使用了不同的方式完成了同样的事情。
实现Runnnable的方式:
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void
startAThread0() { new
Thread(new
MyRunnable()).start();}class
MyRunnable implements
Runnable { public
void
run() { ... }} |
继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread1() { new
MyThread().start();}class
MyThread extends
Thread { public
void
run() { ... }} |
匿名继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread2() { new
Thread() { public
void
run() { ... } }.start();} |
I/O流例子:
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void
writeStuff() throws
IOException { OutputStream
out = new
FileOutputStream(...); try
{ out.write(...); }
finally
{ out.close(); }} |
锁例子:
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void
doWithLock(Lock lock) { lock.acquire(); try
{ ... }
finally
{ lock.release(); }} |
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InputStream
in = (...);try
{ while
(true)
{ int
b = in.read(); if
(b == -1) break; (...
process b ...) }}
finally
{ in.close();} |
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InputStream
in = (...);try
{ byte[]
buf = new
byte[100]; while
(true)
{ int
n = in.read(buf); if
(n == -1) break; (...
process buf with offset=0
and length=n ...) }}
finally
{ in.close();} |
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BufferedReader
in = new
BufferedReader( new
InputStreamReader(new
FileInputStream(...), "UTF-8"));try
{ while
(true)
{ String
line = in.readLine(); if
(line == null) break; (...
process line ...) }}
finally
{ in.close();} |
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PrintWriter
out = new
PrintWriter( new
OutputStreamWriter(new
FileOutputStream(...), "UTF-8"));try
{ out.print("Hello
"); out.print(42); out.println("
world!");}
finally
{ out.close();} |
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int
factorial(int
n) { if
(n < 0) throw
new
IllegalArgumentException("Undefined"); else
if
(n >= 13) throw
new
ArithmeticException("Result
overflow"); else
if
(n == 0) return
1; else return
n * factorial(n - 1);} |
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int
findIndex(List<String> list, String target) { if
(list == null
|| target == null) throw
new
NullPointerException(); ...} |
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void
frob(byte[]
b, int
index) { if
(b == null) throw
new
NullPointerException(); if
(index < 0
|| index >= b.length) throw
new
IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ...} |
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void
frob(byte[]
b, int
off, int
len) { if
(b == null) throw
new
NullPointerException(); if
(off < 0
|| off > b.length ||
len < 0
|| b.length - off < len) throw
new
IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ...} |
使用循环:
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//
Fill each element of array ‘a‘ with 123byte[]
a = (...);for
(int
i = 0;
i < a.length; i++) a[i]
= 123; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
Arrays.fill(a, (byte)123);
使用循环:
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//
Copy 8 elements from array ‘a‘ starting at offset 3//
to array ‘b‘ starting at offset 6,//
assuming ‘a‘ and ‘b‘ are distinct arraysbyte[]
a = (...);byte[]
b = (...);for
(int
i = 0;
i < 8;
i++) b[6
+ i] = a[3
+ i]; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
System.arraycopy(a, 3, b, 6, 8);
使用循环(扩大规模):
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//
Make array ‘a‘ larger to newLenbyte[]
a = (...);byte[]
b = new
byte[newLen];for
(int
i = 0;
i < a.length; i++) //
Goes up to length of A b[i]
= a[i];a
= b; |
使用循环(减小规模):
// Make array ‘a‘ smaller to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) // Goes up to length of B b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
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a
= Arrays.copyOf(a, newLen); |
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int
packBigEndian(byte[]
b) { return
(b[0]
& 0xFF)
<< 24 |
(b[1]
& 0xFF)
<< 16 |
(b[2]
& 0xFF)
<< 8 |
(b[3]
& 0xFF)
<< 0;}int
packLittleEndian(byte[]
b) { return
(b[0]
& 0xFF)
<< 0 |
(b[1]
& 0xFF)
<< 8 |
(b[2]
& 0xFF)
<< 16 |
(b[3]
& 0xFF)
<< 24;} |
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byte[]
unpackBigEndian(int
x) { return
new
byte[]
{ (byte)(x
>>> 24), (byte)(x
>>> 16), (byte)(x
>>> 8), (byte)(x
>>> 0) };}byte[]
unpackLittleEndian(int
x) { return
new
byte[]
{ (byte)(x
>>> 0), (byte)(x
>>> 8), (byte)(x
>>> 16), (byte)(x
>>> 24) };} |
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/g__hk/article/details/44922733