标签:
1、Python优点
简单,优雅,明确
强大的模块第三方库
易移植
面向对角
可扩展
2、缺点
代码不能加密
执行速度慢
3、变量定义
第一个字母必须是字母表中的大小写,或下划线。不能以数字为开头。
1)变量赋值举例
eg:
>>> x=123
>>> y=x
>>> id(x)
22582176
>>> id(y)
22582176
>>> x=100
>>> id(x)
22580736
>>> id(y)
22582176
>>> tast-date = 1
File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: can‘t assign to operator ; 不能以非大小写下划线定义变量
>>> tast_date = 1
2)变量值类型
布尔型:true,false
eg:
If True: print ‘ddd’
ddd
整型,长整型,浮点型:
eg:
>>> type(a)
<type ‘long‘>
>>> a = 2**34
>>> type(a)
<type ‘int‘>
>>> a=1.34
>>> type(a)
<type ‘float‘>
>>> a=3
>>> type(a)
<type ‘int‘>
>>> b=2.3
>>> type(b)
<type ‘float‘>
字符串:
>>> name=‘wang‘
>>> type(name)
<type ‘str‘>
序列类型:列表,数组……
>>> name_list=[‘wang‘,‘bai‘,‘gui‘]
>>> type(name_list)
<type ‘list‘>
4、运算
a) "/" 除法,默认取只为整,可跟小数点。
>>> 3/2
1
>>> 3.0/2
1.5
b) 取被除数
>>> 10//2
5
>>> 10//4
2
>>> 10//3
3
c) 加减乘除法
+= “c+=a等于c=c+a”
*= “c*=a等于c=c*a”
**= “c**=a等于c=c**a”
d) 与运算&:
10和15的与运算
1010 1111 è10
10 20
1010 10100 è
>>> 10 & 20
0
>>> 10 & 15
10
e) 或运算:
10 20
1010 10100 è 11110 30
>>> 10 | 20
30
5、注释
单行注释:#
多行注释:三个章引号’’’ ‘’’或者三个双引号””” “”” ,另一种也可做为格式化输出
提示:单引号和双引号无区别
6、理解字符编码
三种字符级:ASSIC(默认一个字节) Unicode(两个字节) UTF-8(可变字节,汉字三个字节)
概述:一个字节8位 111111 256个字,两个字节16位 65536个字
1024字节=1KB
1)(ACCIS)
一个字节举例:
>>> ord(‘a‘)
97 ; a对应8位的某几位
>>> ord(‘A‘)
65 ;A对应8位的某几位
相当于每个对应256里个的各一位,一一对应。
2)UTF-8编码:可变的
存英文用一个字节存,汉字用三个字节存。
>>> a=‘wang‘
>>> type(a)
<type ‘str‘>
>>> a=u‘wang‘
>>> type(a)
<type ‘unicode‘>
>>> a
u‘wang‘
>>> name=u‘王小哥‘
>>> type (name)
<type ‘unicode‘>
>>> name
u‘\u738b\u67cf\u8d35‘
>>> name = "王小哥"
>>> name
‘\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5‘
>>> name = u"王小哥"
>>> name
u‘\u738b\u67cf\u8d35‘
3)unicode转换成UTF-8
>>> name = u‘王小哥‘
>>> name
u‘\u738b\u67cf\u8d35‘
>>> name.encode(‘utf-8‘)
‘\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5‘
4)UTF-8转换成unicode
>>> wang="王小哥"
>>> wang
‘\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5‘
>>> wang.decode(‘utf-8‘)
u‘\u738b\u67cf\u8d35‘
提示:
python系统里默认是ASSIC码编码格式,对应一个字节,所以在python里面存中文,会有问题,应该转换成UTF8编码格式
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
Name = u”中文”
Print name
提示:
系统中读到内存里默认是unicode格式,存到硬盘可以以UTF-8格式存,因为unicode默认都是以两个字节存的,占空间。
8、导入模块
三种导入方式:
1) import modulename
2) from module import sayHi
3) import moduleName as newname
eg:
Import sys
Print sys.argv
或
From sys import argv
Print argv
或
From sys import * ;不建议使用
或
Import multiprocessing as nulte
=========================
eg:
a) 调用系统命令
>>> import os
>>> os.system(‘df‘)
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18423556 1691736 15795936 10% /
tmpfs 405824 0 405824 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 198337 29668 158429 16% /boot
0 ;默认会输出返回上一条指令的返回值
==> 将返回值存入并输出
>>> cru_dir = os.system(‘pwd‘)
/root/python/day01
>>> print cru_dir
0
b) 如何将输出结果输出?
倒入import commands模块
>>> import commands
>>> res = commands.getstatusoutput(‘pwd‘)
>>> res
(0, ‘/root/python/day01‘)
3) 倒入import sys模块
[root@localhost day01]# cat test1.py
import sys
print sys.argv
print sys.argv[2]
[root@localhost day01]# python test1.py a b c
[‘test1.py‘, ‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘]
b
9、用户交互
1) raw_input
[root@localhost day01]# cat test2.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
age = raw_input(‘age:‘)
print name , age
[root@localhost day01]# cat test2.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
age = raw_input(‘age:‘) ;raw_input无论输入任何都当字符串来解释
job = raw_input(‘job:‘) ;可通过int(raw_input(‘age:’)) 转换成数字,或直接用input(‘age:’),注意:imput后面跟的是原生态,之前是什么,就是什么,定要指明是什么类型等,不然会有错误。
salary = raw_input(‘salary:‘)
print ‘‘‘
name: %s
age : %s
job : %s ;%s代表字符串,%d代表数字,%f代表浮点数
salary : %s
-----------------
‘‘‘ %(name,age,job,salary)
Imput举例:
[root@localhost day01]# vim test2.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
age = input(‘age:‘)
job = raw_input(‘job:‘)
salary = raw_input(‘salary:‘)
print type(age)
print ‘‘‘
name: %s
age : %s
job : %s
salary : %s
-----------------
‘‘‘ %(name,age,job,salary)
[root@localhost day01]# python test2.py
please input your name:wangbaigui
age:28
job:it
salary:2w
<type ‘int‘>
name: wangbaigui
age : 28
job : it
salary : 2w
-----------------
[root@localhost day01]# vim test2.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
AGE = 28
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
age = input(‘age:‘)
job = raw_input(‘job:‘)
salary = raw_input(‘salary:‘)
print type(age)
print ‘‘‘
name: %s
age : %s
job : %s
salary : %s
-----------------
‘‘‘ %(name,age,job,salary)
[root@localhost day01]# python test2.py
please input your name:wangbaigui
age:AGE
job:it
salary:3w
<type ‘int‘>
name: wangbaigui
age : 28
job : it
salary : 3w
10、流程控制
1) if… else…举例:
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
age = input(‘age:‘)
job = raw_input(‘job:‘)
salary = raw_input(‘salary:‘)
if age > 30:
meg = ‘you are so old...‘
elif age >20:
meg = ‘…’
else:
meg = ‘you are so yongest...‘
print ‘‘‘
name: %s
age : %d
job : %s
salary : %s
-----------------
%s
‘‘‘ % (name,age,job,salary,meg)
2) for循环
[root@localhost day01]# cat test4.py
#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
name = raw_input(‘please input your name:‘)
job = raw_input(‘job:‘)
salary = raw_input(‘salary:‘)
relea_age = 28
for i in range(10):
age = input(‘age:‘)
if age >30:
meg = "think small..."
elif age == 28:
meg = "good!,you are right."
break
else:
meg = "go to think"
print meg
print "you have only %s times to trye" %(9 - i)
print ‘‘‘
name: %s
age : %d
job : %s
salary : %s
-----------------
%s
‘‘‘ % (name,age,job,salary,meg)
3)while循环
[root@localhost day01]# cat test5.py
slect_num = input(‘which num you want:‘)
count = 0
while count < 100:
if count == slect_num:
print ‘you slect right:%s‘%(slect_num)
choice = raw_input(‘you want go on or contine (Y/N)‘)
if choice == ‘Y‘:
while True:
slect_num = input(‘which num you want agan:‘)
if slect_num <= count:
print "lookup alred past..,ples input newest num!"
else:
break
continue
else:
break
else:
print ‘lookup‘,count
count +=1
else:
print ‘Alread more then 100.. so Bye!‘
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wangbaigui/p/4414496.html