11.1子查询

查询（query）任何SQL语句都是查询。但此术语一般指SELECT语句。
SQL还允许创建子查询（subquery），即：嵌套在其他查询中的查询。

11.2利用子查询进行过滤

SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN(SELECT order_num
                                   FROM OrderItems
                                   WHERE prod_id = ‘RGA01‘);

在SELECT语句中，子查询总是从内向外处理。

SELECT cust_name,cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id IN(SELECT cust_id
     FROM Orders
     WHERE order_num IN(SELECT order_num
          FROM OrderItems
          WHERE prod_id = ‘RGA01‘));

只能是单列：作为子查询的SELECT语句只能查询单个列。企图检索多个列将返回错误。

11.3作为计算字段使用子查询

为了对每个客户执行COUNT(*)，应该将它作为一个子查询。

SELECT cust_name,cust_state,
(SELECT COUNT(*) 
     FROM Orders
     WHERE Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id) AS orders
FROM Customers
ORDER BY cust_name;