Mysql创建语句中的数据类型包括时间类型,有一下几类:
| DATE
| TIME[(fsp
)]
| TIMESTAMP[(fsp
)]
| DATETIME[(fsp
)]
| YEAR
这几个类型中,特别值得注意的是DATE,DATETIME,TIMESTAMP有什么区别?
DATE
mysql> select get_format(date,‘ISO‘); +------------------------+ | get_format(date,‘ISO‘) | +------------------------+ | %Y-%m-%d | +------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
DATETIME
mysql> select get_format(datetime,‘ISO‘); +----------------------------+ | get_format(datetime,‘ISO‘) | +----------------------------+ | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
TIMESTAMP
mysql> select get_format(timestamp,‘ISO‘); +-----------------------------+ | get_format(timestamp,‘ISO‘) | +-----------------------------+ | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | +-----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
TIME
mysql> select get_format(time,‘ISO‘); +------------------------+ | get_format(time,‘ISO‘) | +------------------------+ | %H:%i:%s | +------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
YEAR
mysql> select year(curdate()); +-----------------+ | year(curdate()) | +-----------------+ | 2015 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
上述中用到的是format的定义可以再函数DATE_FORMAT(date,format)中找到对格式的定义:
%a | Abbreviated weekday name (Sun ..Sat ) |
%b | Abbreviated month name (Jan ..Dec ) |
%c | Month, numeric (0 ..12 ) |
%D | Day of the month with English suffix (0th , 1st , 2nd , 3rd , …) |
%d | Day of the month, numeric (00 ..31 ) |
%e | Day of the month, numeric (0 ..31 ) |
%f | Microseconds (000000 ..999999 ) |
%H | Hour (00 ..23 ) |
%h | Hour (01 ..12 ) |
%I | Hour (01 ..12 ) |
%i | Minutes, numeric (00 ..59 ) |
%j | Day of year (001 ..366 ) |
%k | Hour (0 ..23 ) |
%l | Hour (1 ..12 ) |
%M | Month name (January ..December ) |
%m | Month, numeric (00 ..12 ) |
%p | AM or PM |
%r | Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM ) |
%S | Seconds (00 ..59 ) |
%s | Seconds (00 ..59 ) |
%T | Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss) |
%U | Week (00 ..53 ), where
Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 0 |
%u | Week (00 ..53 ), where
Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 1 |
%V | Week (01 ..53 ), where
Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 2; used with %X |
%v | Week (01 ..53 ), where
Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 3; used with %x |
%W | Weekday name (Sunday ..Saturday ) |
%w | Day of the week (0 =Sunday..6 =Saturday) |
%X | Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four
digits; used with %V |
%x | Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four
digits; used with %v |
%Y | Year, numeric, four digits |
%y | Year, numeric (two digits) |
%% | A literal “% ” character |
% | x , for any “x ” not listed
above |
为什么需要了解这点,首先在创建时间类型的字段时,如果需要指定时间类型和默认值,那么类型和默认值得关系必须明确,在官网中提到以下内容:
The DEFAULT
clause specifies a default value for a
column. With one exception, the default value must be a constant; it cannot be a
function or an expression. This means, for example, that you cannot set the
default for a date column to be the value of a function such as NOW()
or CURRENT_DATE
. The exception is that you can specify CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
as the default for a TIMESTAMP
or (as of MySQL
5.6.5) DATETIME
column. See Section 11.3.5, “Automatic Initialization
and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME”.
简单的说就是默认值必须是常量,不允许使用时间函数,只能使用CURRENT_TIMESTAMP作为TIMESTAMP和DATETIME类型的默认值。比如指定了默认值,那么当使用DATE类型时会明显的出现如下错误警告:
[Err] 1067 - Invalid default value for ‘ACT_DATE‘
正确的创建默认时间只能如下:
CREATE TABLE ACT_TAB ( ACT_TIME TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, ACT_DATE DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
参照:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/date-and-time-functions.html#function_get-format
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-table.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/timestamp-initialization.html
本文出自 “LinuxOracle” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://onlinekof2001.blog.51cto.com/3106724/1639582
原文地址:http://onlinekof2001.blog.51cto.com/3106724/1639582