监控Oracle数据库的常用shell脚本-转

1. 显示服务器上的可用实例： $ ps -ef| grep smon oracle 22086 1 0 02:32:24 ? 0:04 ora_smon_PPRD10 oracle 5215 28972 0 08:10:19 pts/4 0:00 grep smon

2. 显示服务器上的可用监听器： $ ps -ef grep listener grep -v grep （grep命令应该加上-i参数，即grep -i listener，该参数的作用是忽略大小写，因为有些时候listener是大写的，这时就会看不到结果） $ ps -ef|grep -i listener oracle 9655 1 0 Mar 12 ? 0:01 /data/app/oracle/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit oracle 22610 1 0 02:45:02 ? 0:02 /data/app/oracle/10.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit oracle 5268 28972 0 08:13:02 pts/4 0:00 grep -i listener

3. 查看Oracle存档目录的文件系统使用情况 $ df -k | grep /data /dev/md/dsk/d50 104977675 88610542 15317357 86% /data

4. 统计alter.log文件中的行数： $ cat alert_PPRD10.log | wc -l 13124 $ more alert_PPRD10.log | wc -l 13124

5. 列出alert.log文件中的全部Oracle错误信息： $ grep ORA-* alert.log ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcrrrfswda.1], [], [], [], [], [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [1881], [25860496], [25857716], []

6. CRONTAB基本一个crontab文件中包含有六个字段：分钟 0-59 小时 0-23 月中的第几天 1-31 月份 1 - 12 星期几 0 - 6, with 0 = Sunday

7. Unix命令或者Shell脚本要编辑一个crontab文件，输入： Crontab -e 要查看一个crontab文件，输入： Crontab -l 0 4 * * 5 /dba/admin/analyze_table.ksh 30 3 * * 3,6 /dba/admin/hotbackup.ksh /dev/null 2>&1 在上面的例子中，第一行显示了一个分析表的脚本在每个星期5的4：00am运行。第二行显示了一个执行热备份的脚本在每个周三和周六的3：00a.m.运行。

三．监控数据库的常用Shell脚本以下提供的8个shell脚本覆盖了DBA每日监控工作的90%，你可能还需要修改UNIX的环境变量。

1. 检查Oracle实例的可用性 oratab文件中列出了服务器上的所有数据库 $ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab #

# This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh # and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating # a database.

# A colon, ‘:‘, is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates # the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, ‘#‘, are comments. # # Entries are of the form. # $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>: # # The first and second fields are the system identifier and home # directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates # to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not, # "N", be brought up at system boot time. # # Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed. # # # *:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:N TRNG:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:Y *:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:N PPRD:/data/app/oracle/10.2.0:Y PPRD10:/data/app/oracle/10.2.0:N

以下的脚本检查oratab文件中列出的所有数据库，并且找出该数据库的状态（启动还是关闭） ################################################################### ## ckinstance.ksh ## ################################################################### ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab echo "`date` " echo "Oracle Database(s) Status `hostname` :\n" db=`egrep -i ":Y|:N" $ORATAB | cut -d":" -f1 | grep -v "\#" | grep -v "\*"` pslist="`ps -ef | grep pmon`" for i in $db ; do echo "$pslist" | grep "ora_pmon_$i" > /dev/null 2>$1 if (( $? )); then echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Down" else echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Up" fi done

使用以下的命令来确认该脚本是可以执行的： $ chmod 744 ckinstance.ksh $ ls -l ckinstance.ksh -rwxr--r-- 1 oracle dba 657 Mar 5 22:59 ckinstance.ksh

以下是实例可用性的报表： $ sh ckinstance.ksh Wed May 13 12:51:20 PDT 2009 Oracle Database(s) Status gambels : Oracle Instance - PPRD: Up Oracle Instance - PPRD10: Up

2. 检查Oracle监听器的可用性以下有一个类似的脚本检查Oracle监听器。假如监听器停了，该脚本将会重新启动监听器： ##################################################################### ## cklsnr.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle; export TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_SID= PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH . oraenv DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST cd /var/opt/oracle rm -f lsnr.exist ps -ef | grep PPRD10 | grep -v grep > lsnr.exist if [ -s lsnr.exist ] then echo else echo "Alert" | mailx -s "Listener ‘PPRD10‘ on `hostname` is down" $DBALIST lsnrctl start PPRD10 fi

3. 检查Alert日志（ORA-XXXXX） #################################################################### ## ckalertlog.sh ## #################################################################### #!/bin/ksh

EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST

cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/PPRD10/bdump if [ -f alert_PPRD10.log ] then mv alert_PPRD10.log alert_work.log touch alert_PPRD10.log cat alert_work.log >> alert_PPRD10.hist grep ORA- alert_work.log > alert.err fi if [ `cat alert.err | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s " PPRD10 ORACLE ALERT ERRORS" $DBALIST < alert.err fi rm -f alert.err rm -f alert_work.log

4. 清除旧的归档文件以下的脚本将会在log文件达到90%容量的时候清空旧的归档文件： $ df -k | grep arch Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on /dev/vx/dsk/proddg/archive 71123968 30210248 40594232 43% /u08/archive

####################################################################### ## clean_arch.ksh ## ####################################################################### #!/bin/ksh df -k | grep arch > dfk.result archive_filesystem=`awk -F" " ‘{ print $6 }‘ dfk.result` archive_capacity=`awk -F" " ‘{ print $5 }‘ dfk.result`

if [ $archive_capacity > 90% ] then echo "Filesystem ${archive_filesystem} is ${archive_capacity} filled" # try one of the following option depend on your need find $archive_filesystem -type f -mtime +2 -exec rm -r {} ; tar rman fi

5. 分析表和索引（以得到更好的性能）以下我将展示假如传送参数到一个脚本中： #################################################################### ## analyze_table.sh ## #################################################################### #!/bin/ksh # input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter ‘oracle‘ user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi 要传入参数以执行该脚本，输入： $ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1 脚本的第一部分产生了一个analyze.sql文件，里面包含了分析表用的语句。脚本的第二部分分析全部的表： ################################################################# ## analyze_table.sh ## ################################################################# sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set heading off set feed off set pagesize 200 set linesize 100 spool analyze_table.sql select ‘ANALYZE TABLE ‘ || owner || ‘.‘ || segment_name || ‘ ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;‘ from dba_segments where segment_type = ‘TABLE‘ and owner not in (‘SYS‘, ‘SYSTEM‘); spool off exit EOF sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF @./analyze_table.sql exit EOF

以下是analyze.sql的一个例子： $ cat analyze.sql ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;

6. 检查表空间的使用以下的脚本检测表空间的使用。假如表空间只剩下10%，它将会发送一个警告email。 ##################################################################### ## ck_tbsp.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh

sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set linesize 100 set pagesize 200 column "USED (MB)" format a10 column "FREE (MB)" format a10 column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10 column PER_FREE format a10 spool tablespace.alert SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME, TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),‘999,999‘) "USED (MB)", TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, ‘999,999‘) "FREE (MB)", TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, ‘999,999‘) "TOTAL (MB)", TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),‘999‘)||‘ %‘ PER_FREE FROM ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024 FROM V\$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = ‘db_block_size‘)/1024) ) FREE_SPACE FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ) F, ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ) T WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 80; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ] then cat tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp mailx -s "TABLESPACE ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp fi

警告email输出的例子如下： TABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB) FREE (MB) TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SYSTEM 519 401 920 44 % MILLDATA 559 441 1,000 44 % SYSAUX 331 609 940 65 % MILLREPORTS 146 254 400 64 %

7. 查找出无效的数据库对象以下查找出无效的数据库对象： ##################################################################### ##invalid_object_alert.sh #####################################################################

</SCRIPT.

#!/bin/ksh EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST

sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set heading off column OWNER format a10 column OBJECT_NAME format a35 column OBJECT_TYPE format a10 column STATUS format a10 spool invalid_object.alert SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE STATUS = ‘INVALID‘ ORDER BY OWNER, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat invalid_object.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s "INVALID OBJECTS for PPRD10" $DBALIST < invalid_object.alert fi

$ more invalid_object.alert

PUBLIC ALL_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC ALL_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC DBA_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_CART_TEXT SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_GEOMETRY SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGR SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGRSET SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGION SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGIONSET SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC USER_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC USER_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC WM_COMPRESS_BATCH_SIZES SYNONYM INVALID

8. 监视用户和事务（死锁等）以下的脚本在死锁发生的时候发送一个警告e-mail： ################################################################### ## deadlock_alert.sh ## ################################################################### #!/bin/ksh

sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set heading off spool deadlock.alert SELECT SID, DECODE(BLOCK, 0, ‘NO‘, ‘YES‘ ) BLOCKER, DECODE(REQUEST, 0, ‘NO‘,‘YES‘ ) WAITER FROM V\$LOCK WHERE REQUEST > 0 OR BLOCK > 0 ORDER BY block DESC; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat deadlock.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s "DEADLOCK ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < deadlock.alert fi

四．结论 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckinstance.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/cklsnr.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckalertlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 30 * * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/clean_arch.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 1,3 /dba/scripts/analyze_table.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/ck_tbsp.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/invalid_object_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/deadlock_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 通过以上的脚本，可大大减轻你的工作。你可以使用这些是来做更重要的工作，例如性能调整。