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java实现生产者消费者问题

时间:2015-05-11 17:57:59      阅读:139      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:java   多线程   生产者消费者   

生产者消费者问题(英语:Producer-consumer problem),也称有限缓冲问题(英语:Bounded-buffer problem),是一个多线程同步问题的经典案例。该问题描述了两个共享固定大小缓冲区线程——即所谓的“生产者”和“消费者”——在实际运行时会发生的问题。生产者的主要作用是生成一定量的数据放到缓冲区中,然后重复此过程。与此同时,消费者也在缓冲区消耗这些数据。该问题的关键就是要保证生产者不会在缓冲区满时加入数据,消费者也不会在缓冲区中空时消耗数据。

引言

  生产者和消费者问题是线程模型中的经典问题:生产者和消费者在同一时间段内共用同一个存储空间,如下图所示,生产者向空间里存放数据,而消费者取用数据,如果不加以协调可能会出现以下情况:

技术分享

生产者消费者图

  存储空间已满,而生产者占用着它,消费者等着生产者让出空间从而去除产品,生产者等着消费者消费产品,从而向空间中添加产品。互相等待,从而发生死锁。

JAVA解决线程模型的三种方式

  1、wait()和notify()


import java.util.LinkedList;

public class ProducerConsumer {
    private LinkedList<Object> storeHouse = new LinkedList<Object>();
    private int MAX = 10;

    public ProducerConsumer() {
    }

    public void start() {
        new Producer().start();
        new Comsumer().start();
    }

    class Producer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (storeHouse) {
                    try {
                        while (storeHouse.size() == MAX) {
                            System.out.println("storeHouse is full , please wait");
                            storeHouse.wait();
                        }
                        Object newOb = new Object();
                        if (storeHouse.add(newOb)) {
                            System.out.println("Producer put a Object to storeHouse");
                            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 3000));
                            storeHouse.notify();
                        }
                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                        System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
                    }

                }
            }
        }
    }

    class Comsumer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (storeHouse) {
                    try {
                        while (storeHouse.size() == 0) {
                            System.out.println("storeHouse is empty , please wait");
                            storeHouse.wait();
                        }
                        storeHouse.removeLast();
                        System.out.println("Comsumer get  a Object from storeHouse");
                        Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 3000));
                        storeHouse.notify();
                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                        System.out.println("Consumer is interrupted");
                    }

                }
            }

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ProducerConsumer pc = new ProducerConsumer();
        pc.start();
    }
}



 

  2、await()和signal(),即线程锁的方式


package sort;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class ProducerConsumer {
    private LinkedList<Object> myList = new LinkedList<Object>();
    private int MAX = 10;
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private final Condition full = lock.newCondition();
    private final Condition empty = lock.newCondition();

    public ProducerConsumer() {
    }

    public void start() {
        new Producer().start();
        new Consumer().start();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ProducerConsumer s2 = new ProducerConsumer();
        s2.start();
    }

    class Producer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    while (myList.size() == MAX) {
                        System.out.println("warning: it's full!");
                        full.await();
                    }
                    Object o = new Object();
                    if (myList.add(o)) {
                        System.out.println("Producer: " + o);
                        empty.signal();
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    class Consumer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                    while (myList.size() == 0) {
                        System.out.println("warning: it's empty!");
                        empty.await();
                    }
                    Object o = myList.removeLast();
                    System.out.println("Consumer: " + o);
                    full.signal();
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    System.out.println("consumer is interrupted!");
                } finally {
                    lock.unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

 

  3、阻塞队列的方式


import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ProducerConsumer {
    // 建立一个阻塞队列
    private LinkedBlockingQueue<Object> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Object>(10);

    public ProducerConsumer() {
    }

    public void start() {
        new Producer().start();
        new Consumer().start();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ProducerConsumer s3 = new ProducerConsumer();
        s3.start();
    }

    class Producer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    Object o = new Object();
                    // 取出一个对象
                    queue.put(o);
                    System.out.println("Producer: " + o);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
                }
                // }
            }
        }
    }

    class Consumer extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    // 取出一个对象
                    Object o = queue.take();
                    System.out.println("Consumer: " + o);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
                }
                // }
            }
        }
    }

}

结论

  三种方式原理一致,都是对独占空间加锁,阻塞和唤醒线程,第一种方式比较传统,第三种方式最简单,只需存储和取用,线程同步的操作交由LinkedBlockingQueue全权处理。

java实现生产者消费者问题

标签:java   多线程   生产者消费者   

原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/li295214001/article/details/45645859

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