Swift # 数组

//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play

import UIKit

var str = "Hello, playground"

/*
数组: 存储一组有序的数据
数组定义:
>OC:
有值数组
NSArray *arr0 = @[@1, @2, @3];
NSArray *arr1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
NSLog(@"%@", arr1);

空数组
NSArray *arr2 = @[];
NSArray *arr3 = [NSArray array];
NSLog(@"%@", arr3);

不可变数组:NSArray
可变数组:NSMutableArray

>Swift:*/
// 有值数组
var arr0 = [1, 2, 3]
var arr1: Array = [1, 2, 3]
var arr2: Array<Int> = [1, 2, 3]
var arr3: [Int] = [1, 2, 3]
//var arr4: Int[] = [1, 2, 3] 早期写法

// 空数组
var arr5 = []
var arr6 = [Int]()
var arr7 = Array<Int>()
// 带初始值的数组
var arr8 = Array(count: 5, repeatedValue: 1)
println(arr8)

// 不可变数组:var arr0 = []
// 可变数组:let arr0  = []



/*
元素类型:
元素类型
OC:
NSArray *arr = @[@1, @"lnj", @1.75];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr_02 = [1, "lnj", 1.75]
println(arr_02)

/*
如果想明确表示数组中存放的是不同类型的数据, 可以使用Any关键字, 表示数组中可以存放不同类型的数据
var arr:Array<Any> = [1, "lnj", 1.75]
println(arr)
*/

/*
数组操作
1.获取长度
OC:
NSArray *arr = @[@1, @2, @3];
NSLog(@"%tu", arr.count);

Swift:
var arr = [1, 2, 3]
println(arr.count)

2.判断是否为空
OC:
NSArray *arr = @[];
NSLog(@"%d", arr.count != 0);

Swift:*/
var arr_01 = [1, 2, 3]
println(arr_01.isEmpty)

/*
3.检索
OC:
NSArray *arr = @[@1, @2, @3];
NSLog(@"%@", arr[0]);

Swift:
var arr = [1, 2, 3]
println(arr[0])

4.追加
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr addObject:@4];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr02 = [1, 2, 3]
arr02.append(4);
println(arr02)

var arr03 = [1, 2, 3]
arr03 += [4]
// arr03 += 4 以前的版本可以这样写
//arr03 += [5, 6, 7]
arr03 += arr03[0...1] // 还可以自己搞自己
println(arr03)

/*
5.插入
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr insertObject:@4 atIndex:0];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr = [1, 2, 3]
arr.insert(4, atIndex: 0);
println(arr)

/*
6.更新
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
arr[0] = @8;
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr01 = [1, 2, 3]
arr01[0] = 8
println(arr01)

var arr0002 = [1, 2, 3]
arr0002[0..<2] = [8, 9]
println(arr0002)

/*
7.删除
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr removeObject:@1];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr removeLastObject];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr001 = [1, 2, 3]
arr001.removeAtIndex(0)
println(arr001)

var arr002 = [1, 2, 3]
arr002.removeLast()
println(arr002)

var arr003 = [1, 2, 3]
arr003.removeAll(keepCapacity: false) //是否保持容量, 如果为true, 即便删除了容量依然存在, 容量是2的倍数
println(arr003)
println(arr003.capacity)
/*
注意: 如果数组是一个不可变数组不能更新/插入和删除
第一个版本的不可变数组是可以修改的
*/

/*
Range
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
[arr removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 2)];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
var arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]
arr_1.removeRange(Range(start: 1, end: 2))
println(arr_1)

var arr_2 = [1, 2, 3]
arr_2.removeRange(0...0)
println(arr_2)

// 其实Range就是半闭区间
var range = 0...5
//range = 99 // 通过报错可以推断出类型
println(range) // 通过打印也可以推断出类型

var range1:Range<Int> = 0...5
//var range2:Range<String>; // 必须遵守ForwardIndexType协议
// start 起点 end 终点
var range3:Range<Int> = Range(start: 0, end: 5)
var range4:Range<Int> = 0..<5
println(range1)
println(range3)
println(range4)

/*
OC:
NSMutableArray *arr = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@1, @2, @3, nil];
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(0, 2);
// [arr replaceObjectsInRange:range withObjectsFromArray:@[@99, @88]];
[arr replaceObjectsInRange:range withObjectsFromArray:@[@99, @88, @77, @66]];
NSLog(@"%@", arr);

Swift:*/
//arr.replaceRange(Range(start: 0, end: 2), with: [99, 88, 77, 66])
arr.replaceRange(1..<2, with: [99, 88, 77, 66])
println(arr)

// 等价于上一行代码
var arr_3 = [1, 2, 3]
arr_3[Range(start: 0, end: 2)] = [8, 9]
println(arr_3)

// 等价于上一行代码
var arr_4 = [1, 2, 3]
//arr[0...1] = [99, 88]
//arr[0...1] = [99, 88, 77, 66]



println("====－－遍历－－====");
/*
4.遍历
OC:
// for循环
NSArray *arr = @[@1, @2, @3];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.count; i++) {
NSLog(@"%@", arr[i]);
}

// for in循环
for (NSNumber *number in arr) {
NSLog(@"%@", number);
}

// 迭代器
NSArray *arr0 = @[@1, @2, @"1"];
[arr0 enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
NSLog(@"index = %tu element = %@", idx, obj);
}];

Swift:*/
// for循环
var arr_a = [1, 2, 3]
for var i = 0 ; i < arr_a.count ; i++
{
println(arr_a[i])
}

// for in循环
for number in arr_a
{
println(number)
}

for i in 0..<arr_a.count
{
println(arr_a[i])
}

// 取出数组中某个区间范围的值
var arr_b = [1, 2, 3]
for number in arr_b[0..<3]
{
println(number)
}

// 利用enumerate迭代
var arr_c = [1, 2, 3]
for (index , value) in enumerate(arr_c)
{
println("index = \(index) value = \(value)")
}