【MFC】程序框架及基础知识

标签：mfc

1. 首先，贴一个简单的Win32的Hello World程序，这是学MFC的基础。

如果没有学过Win32，请自行补充相关知识。

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nShowCmd)
{
    static TCHAR lpszAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin");
    HWND      hwnd;
    MSG       msg;
    WNDCLASS  wc;

    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = lpszAppName;

    // 注册窗口类
    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
            lpszAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    // 创建应用程序主窗口
    hwnd = CreateWindow(lpszAppName,
        TEXT("The Hello Program"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL);

    // 显示窗口
    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    // 消息循环 
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

//
// 窗口过程函数
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC         hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT        rect;

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
        DrawText(hdc, TEXT("Hello World!"), -1, &rect, 
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

2. MFC其实是微软对Win32 API的一个封装。

创建一个简单的MFC程序如Test后，整个程序的初始化及运行流程大致下：

CTestApp中定义theApp全局对象

  —>执行父类CWinApp构造函数

    —>执行子类本身构造函数

      —>调用AfxWinMain函数

        —>Afx函数中调用initInstance函数，包括注册窗口类、创建窗口、显示窗口等

          —>进行消息循环

3. 程序框架

建立一个单文档MFC示例程序，程序就会包含：

CTestApp——应用程序类

CMainFrame、CTestView——窗体类，后者可看做前者的子类

CTestDoc——文档类

4. 注意事项：

MFC其实是对Win32 API函数的一些封装，比如CWnd类，我们自己也可以模拟这个封装过程。

下面是我自己写的一个模拟封装程序：

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

class CMyWnd
{
public:
	BOOL MyCreateWindow( 
	  LPCTSTR lpClassName, 
	  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, 
	  DWORD dwStyle, 
	  int x, 
	  int y, 
	  int nWidth, 
	  int nHeight, 
	  HWND hWndParent, 
	  HMENU hMenu, 
	  HANDLE hInstance, 
	  PVOID lpParam 
	);

	BOOL MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow);

	BOOL MyUpdateWindow();

	HWND GetHwnd();

private:
	HWND m_hwnd;
};

BOOL CMyWnd::MyCreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName, LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, 
							int x,int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, 
							HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, LPVOID lpParam)
{
	m_hwnd = ::CreateWindow(lpClassName,lpWindowName,dwStyle,
							x,y,nWidth,nHeight,hWndParent,hMenu,(HINSTANCE)hInstance,lpParam);
	if(NULL == m_hwnd)
		return FALSE;
	else
		return TRUE;
}


BOOL CMyWnd::MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow)
{
	return ::ShowWindow(m_hwnd, nCmdShow);
}

BOOL CMyWnd::MyUpdateWindow()
{
	return ::UpdateWindow(m_hwnd);
}

HWND CMyWnd::GetHwnd()
{
	return this->m_hwnd;
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd )
{
	MSG msg;
	WNDCLASS wndclass;
	CMyWnd wnd;
	TCHAR szName[] = TEXT("Class Test");
	//HWND hwnd;

	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szName;
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

	if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Need Window NT"), TEXT("Title"), MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	//wnd = new CMyWnd;
	wnd.MyCreateWindow(szName, TEXT("Window Test"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
					   CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
					   NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	//hwnd = wnd->GetHwnd();

	wnd.MyShowWindow(nShowCmd);
	wnd.MyUpdateWindow();

	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(message)
	{
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}

	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

窗口被销毁，并不会影响窗口类，微软MFC封装的CWnd类也是一样；

当然，我们这里只是简单的模拟，并不完善，当窗口类销毁时，MFC中会把相应的窗口也销毁。

5. 向MFC程序添加控件

这个比较简单，可以再CMainFrame类中定义一个CButton的对象，然后在该类的构造函数中初始化这个成员对象。

当然，也可以在CTestView类写，可以给它写个相应WM_CRAETE的OnCreate函数即可；

首先在CTestView头文件中添加：

private:
	CButton m_btn;

// CTest1View message handlers

int CTest1View::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 
{
	if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
		return -1;
	
	m_btn.Create(TEXT("World"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, CRect(0,0,50,20), this, 124);
	
	return 0;
}

【MFC】程序框架及基础知识

标签：mfc

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/scottly1/article/details/45953863