鸟哥的Linux私房菜_基础版_学习笔记9:第十三章 学习 Shell Scripts

[root@www scripts]# sh sh01.sh
Hello World !

[root@www scripts]# vi sh02.sh#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please input your first name: " firstname  # 提示使用者输入
read -p "Please input your last name:  " lastname   # 提示使用者输入
echo -e "\nYour full name is: $firstname $lastname" # 结果由萤幕输出

[root@www scripts]# echo $firstname $lastname
    <==确认了，这两个变量并不存在喔！
[root@www scripts]# sh sh02.sh
Please input your first name: VBird <==这个名字是鸟哥自己输入的
Please input your last name:  Tsai 

Your full name is: VBird Tsai      <==看吧！在 script 运行中，这两个变量有生效
[root@www scripts]# echo $firstname $lastname
    <==事实上，这两个变量在父程序的 bash 中还是不存在的！

[root@www scripts]# source sh02.sh
Please input your first name: VBird
Please input your last name:  Tsai

Your full name is: VBird Tsai
[root@www scripts]# echo $firstname $lastname
VBird Tsai  <==嘿嘿！有数据产生喔！

[root@www ~]# test -e /dmtsai

[root@www ~]# [ -z "$HOME" ] ; echo $?

[  "$HOME"  ==  "$MAIL"  ]
[□"$HOME"□==□"$MAIL"□]

[root@www ~]# name="VBird Tsai"
[root@www ~]# [ $name == "VBird" ]
bash: [: too many arguments

[root@www scripts]# vi sh06.sh

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn
[ "$yn" == "Y" -o "$yn" == "y" ] && echo "OK, continue" && exit 0
[ "$yn" == "N" -o "$yn" == "n" ] && echo "Oh, interrupt!" && exit 0
echo "I don‘t know what your choice is" && exit 0

/path/to/scriptname  opt1  opt2  opt3  opt4 
       $0             $1    $2    $3    $4

[root@www scripts]# vi sh07.sh

echo "The script name is        ==> $0"
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
[ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of parameter is less than 2.  Stop here." 	&& exit 0
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘$@‘"
echo "The 1st parameter         ==> $1"
echo "The 2nd parameter         ==> $2"

[root@www scripts]# sh sh07.sh theone haha quot
The script name is        ==> sh07.sh            <==档名
Total parameter number is ==> 3                  <==果然有三个参数
Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘theone haha quot‘ <==参数的内容全部
The 1st parameter         ==> theone             <==第一个参数
The 2nd parameter         ==> haha               <==第二个参数

[root@www scripts]# vi sh08.sh

echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘$@‘"
shift   # 进行第一次『一个变量的 shift 』
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘$@‘"
shift 3 # 进行第二次『三个变量的 shift 』
echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#"
echo "Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘$@‘"

[root@www scripts]# sh sh08.sh one two three four five six <==给予六个参数
Total parameter number is ==> 6   <==最原始的参数变量情况
Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘one two three four five six‘
Total parameter number is ==> 5   <==第一次偏移，看底下发现第一个 one 不见了
Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘two three four five six‘
Total parameter number is ==> 2   <==第二次偏移掉三个，two three four 不见了
Your whole parameter is   ==> ‘five six‘

if [ 条件判断式 ]; then
	当条件判断式成立时，可以进行的命令工作内容；
fi   <==将 if 反过来写，就成为 fi 啦！结束 if 之意！

[root@www scripts]# cp sh06.sh sh06-2.sh  <==用改的比较快！
[root@www scripts]# vi sh06-2.sh

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
	echo "OK, continue"
	exit 0
fi
if [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
	echo "Oh, interrupt!"
	exit 0
fi
echo "I don‘t know what your choice is" && exit 0

# 多个条件判断 (if ... elif ... elif ... else) 分多种不同情况运行
if [ 条件判断式一 ]; then
	当条件判断式一成立时，可以进行的命令工作内容；
elif [ 条件判断式二 ]; then
	当条件判断式二成立时，可以进行的命令工作内容；
else
	当条件判断式一与二均不成立时，可以进行的命令工作内容；
fi

[root@www scripts]# cp sh06-2.sh sh06-3.sh
[root@www scripts]# vi sh06-3.sh

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
	echo "OK, continue"
elif [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
	echo "Oh, interrupt!"
else
	echo "I don‘t know what your choice is"
fi

[root@www ~]# netstat -tuln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address     Foreign Address   State
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111       0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631     0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25      0.0.0.0:*         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 :::22             :::*              LISTEN
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111       0.0.0.0:*
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:631       0.0.0.0:*
#封包格式           本地IP:端口       远程IP:端口       是否监听

[root@www scripts]# vi sh10.sh

# 1. 先作一些告知的动作而已～
echo "Now, I will detect your Linux server‘s services!"
echo -e "The www, ftp, ssh, and mail will be detect! \n"

# 2. 开始进行一些测试的工作，并且也输出一些资讯罗！
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":80 ")   # 侦测看 port 80 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
	echo "WWW is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":22 ")   # 侦测看 port 22 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
	echo "SSH is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":21 ")   # 侦测看 port 21 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
	echo "FTP is running in your system."
fi
testing=$(netstat -tuln | grep ":25 ")   # 侦测看 port 25 在否？
if [ "$testing" != "" ]; then
	echo "Mail is running in your system."
fi

[root@www scripts]# vi sh11.sh

# 1. 告知使用者这支程序的用途，并且告知应该如何输入日期格式？
echo "This program will try to calculate :"
echo "How many days before your demobilization date..."
read -p "Please input your demobilization date (YYYYMMDD ex>20090401): " date2

# 2. 测试一下，这个输入的内容是否正确？利用正规表示法罗～
date_d=$(echo $date2 |grep ‘[0-9]\{8\}‘)   # 看看是否有八个数字
if [ "$date_d" == "" ]; then
	echo "You input the wrong date format...."
	exit 1
fi

# 3. 开始计算日期罗～
declare -i date_dem=`date --date="$date2" +%s`    # 退伍日期秒数
declare -i date_now=`date +%s`                    # 现在日期秒数
declare -i date_total_s=$(($date_dem-$date_now))  # 剩余秒数统计
declare -i date_d=$(($date_total_s/60/60/24))     # 转为日数
if [ "$date_total_s" -lt "0" ]; then              # 判断是否已退伍
	echo "You had been demobilization before: " $((-1*$date_d)) " ago"
else
	declare -i date_h=$(($(($date_total_s-$date_d*60*60*24))/60/60))
	echo "You will demobilize after $date_d days and $date_h hours."
fi

case  $变量名称 in   <==关键字为 case ，还有变量前有钱字号
  "第一个变量内容")   <==每个变量内容建议用双引号括起来，关键字则为小括号 )
	程序段
	;;            <==每个类别结尾使用两个连续的分号来处理！
  "第二个变量内容")
	程序段
	;;
  *)                  <==最后一个变量内容都会用 * 来代表所有其他值
	不包含第一个变量内容与第二个变量内容的其他程序运行段
	exit 1
	;;
esac                  <==最终的 case 结尾！『反过来写』思考一下！

[root@www scripts]# vi sh12.sh

echo "This program will print your selection !"
# read -p "Input your choice: " choice # 暂时取消，可以替换！
# case $choice in                      # 暂时取消，可以替换！
case $1 in                             # 现在使用，可以用上面两行替换！
  "one")
	echo "Your choice is ONE"
	;;
  "two")
	echo "Your choice is TWO"
	;;
  "three")
	echo "Your choice is THREE"
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac

[root@www scripts]# vi sh12-2.sh

function printit(){
	echo -n "Your choice is "     # 加上 -n 可以不断行继续在同一行显示
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case $1 in
  "one")
	printit; echo $1 | tr ‘a-z‘ ‘A-Z‘  # 将参数做大小写转换！
	;;
  "two")
	printit; echo $1 | tr ‘a-z‘ ‘A-Z‘
	;;
  "three")
	printit; echo $1 | tr ‘a-z‘ ‘A-Z‘
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac

[root@www scripts]# vi sh12-3.sh

function printit(){
	echo "Your choice is $1"   # 这个 $1 必须要参考底下命令的下达
}

echo "This program will print your selection !"
case $1 in
  "one")
	printit 1  # 请注意， printit 命令后面还有接参数！
	;;
  "two")
	printit 2
	;;
  "three")
	printit 3
	;;
  *)
	echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
	;;
esac

while [ condition ]  <==中括号内的状态就是判断式
do            <==do 是回圈的开始！
	程序段落
done          <==done 是回圈的结束

until [ condition ]
do
	程序段落
done

[root@www scripts]# vi sh13.sh

while [ "$yn" != "yes" -a "$yn" != "YES" ]
do
	read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

[root@www scripts]# vi sh13-2.sh

until [ "$yn" == "yes" -o "$yn" == "YES" ]
do
	read -p "Please input yes/YES to stop this program: " yn
done
echo "OK! you input the correct answer."

[root@www scripts]# vi sh14.sh

s=0  # 这是加总的数值变量
i=0  # 这是累计的数值，亦即是 1, 2, 3....
while [ "$i" != "100" ]
do
	i=$(($i+1))   # 每次 i 都会添加 1 
	s=$(($s+$i))  # 每次都会加总一次！
done
echo "The result of ‘1+2+3+...+100‘ is ==> $s"

[root@www scripts]# vi sh15.sh

for animal in dog cat elephant
do
	echo "There are ${animal}s.... "
done

[root@www scripts]# vi sh19.sh

read -p "Please input a number, I will count for 1+2+...+your_input: " nu

s=0
for (( i=1; i<=$nu; i=i+1 ))
do
	s=$(($s+$i))
done
echo "The result of ‘1+2+3+...+$nu‘ is ==> $s"

[root@www ~]# sh [-nvx] scripts.sh
选项与参数：
-n  ：不要运行 script，仅查询语法的问题；
-v  ：再运行 sccript 前，先将 scripts 的内容输出到萤幕上；
-x  ：将使用到的 script 内容显示到萤幕上，这是很有用的参数！

范例一：测试 sh16.sh 有无语法的问题？
[root@www ~]# sh -n sh16.sh 
# 若语法没有问题，则不会显示任何资讯！

范例二：将 sh15.sh 的运行过程全部列出来～
[root@www ~]# sh -x sh15.sh 
+ PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/root/bin
+ export PATH
+ for animal in dog cat elephant
+ echo ‘There are dogs.... ‘
There are dogs....
+ for animal in dog cat elephant
+ echo ‘There are cats.... ‘
There are cats....
+ for animal in dog cat elephant
+ echo ‘There are elephants.... ‘
There are elephants....