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Hive中metastore（元数据存储）的三种方式：
[一]、内嵌Derby方式
这个是Hive默认的启动模式，一般用于单元测试，这种存储方式有一个缺点：在同一时间只能有一个进程连接使用数据库。
hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等的配置信息如下：
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<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>APP</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>mine</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>file:///Users/micmiu/tmp/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>unit test data goes in here on your local filesystem</description>
</property>
<!-- micmiu.com -->
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执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType derby -initSchema
查看初始化后的信息： schematool -dbType derby -info
配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。
[二]、Local方式
以本地Mysql数据库为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive。
配置文件 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：
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<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>micmiu</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<!-- base hdfs path -->
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
<!-- micmiu.com -->
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ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中
如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
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micmiu-mbp:mysql micmiu$ schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.input.dir.recursive is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.max.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.maxsize
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.rack is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.rack
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.node is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.node
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces
14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.reduce.speculative
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User: hive
Starting metastore schema initialization to 0.12.0
Initialization script hive-schema-0.12.0.mysql.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completeted
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查看初始化后信息 schematool -dbType mysql -info
初始化后查看mysql中表情况：show tables;
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mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_hive |
+---------------------------+
| BUCKETING_COLS |
| CDS |
| COLUMNS_V2 |
| DATABASE_PARAMS |
| DBS |
| DB_PRIVS |
| DELEGATION_TOKENS |
| GLOBAL_PRIVS |
| IDXS |
| INDEX_PARAMS |
| MASTER_KEYS |
| NUCLEUS_TABLES |
| PARTITIONS |
| PARTITION_EVENTS |
| PARTITION_KEYS |
| PARTITION_KEY_VALS |
| PARTITION_PARAMS |
| PART_COL_PRIVS |
| PART_COL_STATS |
| PART_PRIVS |
| ROLES |
| ROLE_MAP |
| SDS |
| SD_PARAMS |
| SEQUENCE_TABLE |
| SERDES |
| SERDE_PARAMS |
| SKEWED_COL_NAMES |
| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |
| SKEWED_VALUES |
| SORT_COLS |
| TABLE_PARAMS |
| TAB_COL_STATS |
| TBLS |
| TBL_COL_PRIVS |
| TBL_PRIVS |
| TYPES |
| TYPE_FIELDS |
| VERSION |
+---------------------------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。
[三]、Remote方式
以Mysql数据库(192.168.6.77)为例：创建好用户：hive；database：hive_meta。Remote方式需要分别配置服务端和客户端的配置文件：
服务端的 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下：
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<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.6.77/hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>micmiu</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<!-- base hdfs path -->
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>base hdfs path :location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
<!-- micmiu.com -->
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ps：需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中
如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令：schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
客户端中配置内容修改如下：
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<!-- thrift://<host_name>:<port> 默认端口是9083 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
<value>thrift://192.168.6.77:9083</value>
<description>Thrift uri for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>
</property>
<!-- hive表的默认存储路径 -->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>
</property>
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hive metastore 服务端启动命令：hive --service metastore -p <port_num>
如果不加端口默认启动：hive --service metastore，则默认监听端口是：9083 ，注意客户端中的端口配置需要和启动监听的端口一致。服务端启动正常后，客户端就可以执行hive操作了。
参考：
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+MetastoreAdmin
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhengrunjian/p/4546032.html
