标签：mysql备份和恢复
一、备份准备工作
1.查看服务器状态
mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 5 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘‘ Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.5.37 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 45 min 22 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 17 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 41 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 4 Queries per second avg: 0.006 --------------
2.查看数据目录存放位置
mysql> show variables like ‘%datadir%‘; +---------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------------------+ | datadir | /data/mysql/data/ | +---------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec)
3.修改my.cnf
[root@nagios-client ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf log-bin=mysql-bin innodb_file_per_table = 1
重启mysqld服务
[root@nagios-client ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
4.查看新生成的binlog日志
[root@nagios-client ~]# ll /data/mysql/data/ total 28700 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Jun 2 16:30 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 16:30 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 15:37 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 15:37 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Jun 2 16:30 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Jun 2 16:30 mysql-bin.index srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 2 16:30 mysql.sock -rw-r----- 1 mysql root 3375 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 2 15:37 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 15:37 test
5.准备一个test库，里面有两张表，t1表和t2表！
第一张t1表，使用的是MyISAM引擎，其中有1亿多行数据，第二张t2表,使用的是INNODB引擎，其中有2千多万行数据！
mysql> create table t1 (id int(10) default null)engine=myisam default charset=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #创建一个简单的t1表，里面只有一个字段 id mysql> show create table t1; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>insert into t1 values(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10); #先插入十个数据 mysql> insert into t1 select * from t1; mysql> select count(*) from t1; +-----------+ | count(*) | +-----------+ | 335544320 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.04 sec)
t2表
mysql> create table t2 (id int(10) default null)engine=innodb default charset=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> show create table t2; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` ( `id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into t2 values(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10);
二、备份策略具体演示
1.策略一：直接拷贝数据库文件（文件系统备份工具 cp）（适合小型数据库）
(1).标准流程：锁表->刷新表到磁盘->拷贝文件->解锁（注,若有有可能的话，可以先停止数据库，再用cp命令准备，这样备份的数据最可靠）
(2).具体步骤：
a.打开第一个终端，
mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
b.打开第二个终端
[root@nagios-client ~]# mkdir /root/alldb.`date +%F-%H-%M-%S`/ #创建备份目录 [root@nagios-client ~]# cp -rp /data/mysql/data/* /root/alldb.2015-06-02-16-56-27/ #复制所以的数据库文件
c.在第一个终端解锁
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) [root@nagios-client ~]# ll /root/alldb.2015-06-02-16-56-27/ #查看备份好的数据库 total 372772 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371195904 Jun 2 16:52 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 16:52 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 16:52 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 15:37 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 11027 Jun 2 16:52 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Jun 2 16:30 mysql-bin.index srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 2 16:30 mysql.sock -rw-r----- 1 mysql root 3375 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 2 15:37 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 16:45 test
(3).模拟数据库损坏
直接删除数据目录中的所有文件
[root@nagios-client ~]# cd /data/mysql/data/ [root@nagios-client data]# ll total 372776 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371195904 Jun 2 16:52 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 16:52 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jun 2 16:52 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 15:37 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 11027 Jun 2 16:52 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Jun 2 16:30 mysql-bin.index srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 2 16:30 mysql.sock -rw-r----- 1 mysql root 3375 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 Jun 2 16:30 nagios-client.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 2 15:37 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jun 2 16:45 test [root@nagios-client data]# rm -rf *
(4).具体还原步骤
a.mysql这时是无法停止的
[root@nagios-client data]# service mysqld stop ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
b.查找mysql所有进程
[root@nagios-client data]# killall mysqld
c.初始化mysql
[root@nagios-client data]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
d.复制完全备份的数据文件到数据目录中
[root@nagios-client data]# cp -r /root/alldb.2015-06-02-16-56-27/ /data/mysql/data/
e.启动mysql数据库
[root@nagios-client data]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
f.测试并查看数据
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.09 sec) mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | t1 | | t2 | +----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from t1; +-----------+ | count(*) | +-----------+ | 335544320 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.06 sec) mysql> select count(*) from t2; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 41943040 | +----------+ 1 row in set (15.37 sec)
(5).总结
cp命令，对其进行的备份，速度快，还原速度几乎最快，但是灵活度很低，可以跨系统，但是跨平台能力很差，适合小型数据库备份！
本文出自 “ly36843运维” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://ly36843.blog.51cto.com/3120113/1657567
标签：mysql备份和恢复
原文地址：http://ly36843.blog.51cto.com/3120113/1657567
