标签：selenium phantomjs htmlunit webcollector 爬虫
目标：动态网页爬取
说明：这里的动态网页指几种可能：1）需要用户交互，如常见的登录操作；2）网页通过JS / AJAX动态生成，如一个html里有<div id="test"></div>，通过JS生成<div id="test"><span>aaa</span></div>。
这里用了WebCollector 2进行爬虫，这东东也方便，不过要支持动态关键还是要靠另外一个API -- selenium 2（集成htmlunit 和 phantomjs）.
1）需要登录后的爬取，如新浪微博
import java.util.Set;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.crawler.DeepCrawler;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Links;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpRequesterImpl;
import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
/*
* 登录后爬取
* Refer: http://nutcher.org/topics/33
* https://github.com/CrawlScript/WebCollector/blob/master/README.zh-cn.md
* Lib required: webcollector-2.07-bin, selenium-java-2.44.0 & its lib
*/
public class WebCollector1 extends DeepCrawler {
public WebCollector1(String crawlPath) {
super(crawlPath);
/*获取新浪微博的cookie，账号密码以明文形式传输，请使用小号*/
try {
String cookie=WebCollector1.WeiboCN.getSinaCookie("yourAccount", "yourPwd");
HttpRequesterImpl myRequester=(HttpRequesterImpl) this.getHttpRequester();
myRequester.setCookie(cookie);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public Links visitAndGetNextLinks(Page page) {
/*抽取微博*/
Elements weibos=page.getDoc().select("div.c");
for(Element weibo:weibos){
System.out.println(weibo.text());
}
/*如果要爬取评论，这里可以抽取评论页面的URL，返回*/
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebCollector1 crawler=new WebCollector1("/home/hu/data/weibo");
crawler.setThreads(3);
/*对某人微博前5页进行爬取*/
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
crawler.addSeed("http://weibo.cn/zhouhongyi?vt=4&page="+i);
}
try {
crawler.start(1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static class WeiboCN {
/**
* 获取新浪微博的cookie，这个方法针对weibo.cn有效，对weibo.com无效
* weibo.cn以明文形式传输数据，请使用小号
* @param username 新浪微博用户名
* @param password 新浪微博密码
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getSinaCookie(String username, String password) throws Exception{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
driver.get("http://login.weibo.cn/login/");
WebElement mobile = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=mobile]");
mobile.sendKeys(username);
WebElement pass = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name^=password]");
pass.sendKeys(password);
WebElement rem = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=remember]");
rem.click();
WebElement submit = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=submit]");
submit.click();
Set<Cookie> cookieSet = driver.manage().getCookies();
driver.close();
for (Cookie cookie : cookieSet) {
sb.append(cookie.getName()+"="+cookie.getValue()+";");
}
String result=sb.toString();
if(result.contains("gsid_CTandWM")){
return result;
}else{
throw new Exception("weibo login failed");
}
}
}
}
* 这里有个自定义路径/home/hu/data/weibo（WebCollector1 crawler=new WebCollector1("/home/hu/data/weibo");），是用来保存到嵌入式数据库Berkeley DB。
* 总体上来自Webcollector 作者的sample。
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.crawler.DeepCrawler;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Links;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;
/*
* JS爬取
* Refer: http://blog.csdn.net/smilings/article/details/7395509
*/
public class WebCollector3 extends DeepCrawler {
public WebCollector3(String crawlPath) {
super(crawlPath);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public Links visitAndGetNextLinks(Page page) {
/*HtmlUnitDriver可以抽取JS生成的数据*/
// HtmlUnitDriver driver=PageUtils.getDriver(page,BrowserVersion.CHROME);
// String content = PageUtils.getPhantomJSDriver(page);
WebDriver driver = PageUtils.getWebDriver(page);
// List<WebElement> divInfos=driver.findElementsByCssSelector("#feed_content");
List<WebElement> divInfos=driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("#feed_content span"));
for(WebElement divInfo:divInfos){
System.out.println("Text是：" + divInfo.getText());
}
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebCollector3 crawler=new WebCollector3("/home/hu/data/wb");
for(int page=1;page<=5;page++)
// crawler.addSeed("http://www.sogou.com/web?query="+URLEncoder.encode("编程")+"&page="+page);
crawler.addSeed("http://cq.qq.com/baoliao/detail.htm?294064");
try {
crawler.start(1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.phantomjs.PhantomJSDriver;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.BrowserVersion;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;
public class PageUtils {
public static HtmlUnitDriver getDriver(Page page) {
HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
driver.get(page.getUrl());
return driver;
}
public static HtmlUnitDriver getDriver(Page page, BrowserVersion browserVersion) {
HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(browserVersion);
driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
driver.get(page.getUrl());
return driver;
}
public static WebDriver getWebDriver(Page page) {
// WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(true);
// System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\chromedriver.exe");
// WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
System.setProperty("phantomjs.binary.path", "D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\phantomjs-2.0.0-windows\\bin\\phantomjs.exe");
WebDriver driver = new PhantomJSDriver();
driver.get(page.getUrl());
// JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
// js.executeScript("function(){}");
return driver;
}
public static String getPhantomJSDriver(Page page) {
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process process = null;
try {
process = rt.exec("D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\phantomjs-2.0.0-windows\\bin\\phantomjs.exe " +
"D:\\workspace\\crawlTest1\\src\\crawlTest1\\parser.js " +
page.getUrl().trim());
InputStream in = process.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(
in, "UTF-8");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
String tmp = "";
while((tmp = br.readLine())!=null){
sbf.append(tmp);
}
return sbf.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
2.2）这里用了几种方法：HtmlUnitDriver, ChromeDriver, PhantomJSDriver, PhantomJS，参考 http://blog.csdn.net/five3/article/details/19085303，各自之间的优缺点如下：
| driver类型 | 优点 | 缺点 | 应用 |
| 真实浏览器driver | 真实模拟用户行为 | 效率、稳定性低 | 兼容性测试 |
| HtmlUnit | 速度快 | js引擎不是主流的浏览器支持的 | 包含少量js的页面测试 |
| PhantomJS | 速度中等、模拟行为接近真实 | 不能模拟不同/特定浏览器的行为 | 非GUI的功能性测试 |
2.3）用PhantomJSDriver的时候，遇上错误：ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.browserlaunchers.Proxies，原因竟然是selenium 2.44 的bug，后来通过maven找到phantomjsdriver-1.2.1.jar 才解决了。
2.4）另外，我还试了PhantomJS 原生调用（也就是不用selenium，直接调用PhantomJS，见上面的方法），原生要调用JS，这里的parser.js代码如下：
system = require('system')
address = system.args[1];//获得命令行第二个参数 接下来会用到
//console.log('Loading a web page');
var page = require('webpage').create();
var url = address;
//console.log(url);
page.open(url, function (status) {
//Page is loaded!
if (status !== 'success') {
console.log('Unable to post!');
} else {
//此处的打印，是将结果一流的形式output到java中，java通过InputStream可以获取该输出内容
console.log(page.content);
}
phantom.exit();
});3.1）HtmlUnitDriver + PhantomJSDriver是当前最可靠的动态抓取方案。
3.2）这过程中用到很多包、exe，遇到很多的墙~，有需要的朋友可以找我要。
Reference
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/1309_fengyq_seleniumvswebdriver/
http://blog.csdn.net/smilings/article/details/7395509
http://phantomjs.org/download.html
http://blog.csdn.net/five3/article/details/19085303
http://phantomjs.org/quick-start.html
... ...
动态网页爬取例子（WebCollector+selenium+phantomjs）
标签：selenium phantomjs htmlunit webcollector 爬虫
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/textboy/article/details/46444459
