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1. rpm包安装
[root@server2 Packages]# ls mysql*
mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm mysql-devel-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-bench-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-connector-java-5.1.17-6.el6.noarch.rpm mysql-server-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.5r1144-7.el6.i686.rpm mysql-test-5.1.61-4.el6.i686.rpm
mysql-5.1 客户端包
mysql-server 服务器端包
mysql-libs 系统默认装上该包，里面包含了库文件 mysql-devel包包含一些 .h的头文件，做c语言等开发时用装上
启动mysql
service mysqld start
查看运行进程
[root@server2 ~]# ps aux | grep "mysql"
root 2440 0.0 0.2 6720 1412 pts/0 S 20:15 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 2529 6.7 3.1 125156 16056 pts/0 Sl 20:15 0:01 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@server2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql //数据库数据目录
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock //sock文件位置，服务启动一定会有，它是本地连接的通道
user=mysql //执行用户，这样安全性高
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log //错误日志
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid //进程ID号，启动一定存在
登录查看
[root@server2 ~]# mysql
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> use mysql；
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
………...
| user |
+---------------------------+
23 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+----------+----------------+
| user | password | host |
+------+----------+----------------+
| root | | localhost | 默认mysql只能本地登录，一般可以把后面几个登录方式删除，更安全。
| root | | server2.cc.com | 内置root用户登录（非系统root）
| root | | 127.0.0.1 |
| | | localhost | 匿名用户登录
| | | server2.cc.com |
+------+----------+----------------+
2.源码包安装
编译环境：make,gcc,gcc-c++,cmake,ncurses-devel
用户： useradd mysql -u 27 -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql56 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/database \
-DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=on \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSET:STRING=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=on \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=on
make && make install
cat << END >/usr/local/mysql56/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql56
datadir=/database
socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql56.sock
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysql56.pid
user=mysql
port=3307
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld/mysql56-error.log
END
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql56 /database/ /var/run/mysqld/ /var/log/mysqld/
初始化：
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56/ --datadir=/database/ --user=mysql
启动脚本：
cp -a /usr/local/mysql56/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql56
sed -i ‘/conf=/c conf=/usr/local/mysql56/etc/my.cnf‘ /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql56
service mysql56 start
3. 二进制包
只需解压相应的包到指定的位置，然后按照源码包的步骤修改，注意socket,pid名称不同端口不同
优点：方便，绿色。这三种安装方式中，第二种实际生产中用得最多。
4.mysql数据库结构
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | //记录系统所有表字段的信息
| mysql | //系统数据库，其中mysql.user表保存用户信息
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
information_schema 库
table_schema: 库名
table_name: 表名
column_name: 字段名
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/51runsky/p/544e95134df5842be0d62a61d458ade2.html
