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在Java编程中,有些知识 并不能仅通过语言规范或者标准API文档就能学到的。在本文中,我会尽量收集一些最常用的习惯用法,特别是很难猜到的用法。(Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》对这个话题给出了更详尽的论述,可以从这本书里学习更多的用法。)
我把本文的所有代码都放在公共场所里。你可以根据自己的喜好去复制和修改任意的代码片段,不需要任何的凭证。
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class
Person { String name; int
birthYear; byte [] raw; public
boolean equals(Object obj) { if
(!obj instanceof
Person) return
false ; Person other = (Person)obj; return
name.equals(other.name) && birthYear == other.birthYear && Arrays.equals(raw, other.raw); } public
int hashCode() { ... } } |
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class
Person { String a; Object b; byte
c; int [] d; public
int hashCode() { return
a.hashCode() + b.hashCode() + c + Arrays.hashCode(d); } public
boolean equals(Object o) { ... } } |
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class
Person implements
Comparable<Person> { String firstName; String lastName; int
birthdate; // Compare by firstName, break ties by lastName, finally break ties by birthdate public
int compareTo(Person other) { if
(firstName.compareTo(other.firstName) != 0 ) return
firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); else
if (lastName.compareTo(other.lastName) !=
0 ) return
lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); else
if (birthdate < other.birthdate) return
- 1 ; else
if (birthdate > other.birthdate) return
1 ; else return
0 ; } } |
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class
Values implements
Cloneable { String abc; double
foo; int [] bars; Date hired; public
Values clone() { try
{ Values result = (Values) super .clone(); result.bars = result.bars.clone(); result.hired = result.hired.clone(); return
result; }
catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// Impossible throw
new AssertionError(e); } } } |
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// join(["a", "b", "c"]) -> "a and b and c" String join(List<String> strs) { StringBuilder sb =
new StringBuilder(); boolean
first = true ; for
(String s : strs) { if
(first) first = false ; else
sb.append( " and " ); sb.append(s); } return
sb.toString(); } |
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Random rand =
new Random(); // Between 1 and 6, inclusive int
diceRoll() { return
rand.nextInt( 6 ) +
1 ; } |
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void
filter(List<String> list) { for
(Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { String item = iter.next(); if
(...) iter.remove(); } } |
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String reverse(String s) { return
new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString(); } |
下面的三个例子使用了不同的方式完成了同样的事情。
实现Runnnable的方式:
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void
startAThread0() { new
Thread( new
MyRunnable()).start(); } class
MyRunnable implements
Runnable { public
void run() { ... } } |
继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread1() { new
MyThread().start(); } class
MyThread extends
Thread { public
void run() { ... } } |
匿名继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread2() { new
Thread() { public
void run() { ... } }.start(); } |
I/O流例子:
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void
writeStuff() throws
IOException { OutputStream out =
new FileOutputStream(...); try
{ out.write(...); }
finally { out.close(); } } |
锁例子:
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void
doWithLock(Lock lock) { lock.acquire(); try
{ ... }
finally { lock.release(); } } |
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InputStream in = (...); try
{ while
( true ) { int
b = in.read(); if
(b == - 1 ) break ; (... process b ...) } } finally
{ in.close(); } |
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InputStream in = (...); try
{ byte [] buf =
new byte [ 100 ]; while
( true ) { int
n = in.read(buf); if
(n == - 1 ) break ; (... process buf with offset= 0
and length=n ...) } } finally
{ in.close(); } |
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BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader( new
InputStreamReader( new
FileInputStream(...), "UTF-8" )); try
{ while
( true ) { String line = in.readLine(); if
(line == null ) break ; (... process line ...) } } finally
{ in.close(); } |
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PrintWriter out =
new PrintWriter( new
OutputStreamWriter( new
FileOutputStream(...), "UTF-8" )); try
{ out.print( "Hello " ); out.print( 42 ); out.println( " world!" ); } finally
{ out.close(); } |
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int
factorial( int n) { if
(n < 0 ) throw
new IllegalArgumentException( "Undefined" ); else
if (n >= 13 ) throw
new ArithmeticException( "Result overflow" ); else
if (n == 0 ) return
1 ; else return
n * factorial(n - 1 ); } |
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int
findIndex(List<String> list, String target) { if
(list == null
|| target == null ) throw
new NullPointerException(); ... } |
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void
frob( byte [] b,
int index) { if
(b == null ) throw
new NullPointerException(); if
(index < 0
|| index >= b.length) throw
new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... } |
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void
frob( byte [] b,
int off, int
len) { if
(b == null ) throw
new NullPointerException(); if
(off < 0
|| off > b.length || len <
0 || b.length - off < len) throw
new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ... } |
使用循环:
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// Fill each element of array ‘a‘ with 123 byte [] a = (...); for
( int i =
0 ; i < a.length; i++) a[i] =
123 ; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
Arrays.fill(a, (byte)123);
使用循环:
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// Copy 8 elements from array ‘a‘ starting at offset 3 // to array ‘b‘ starting at offset 6, // assuming ‘a‘ and ‘b‘ are distinct arrays byte [] a = (...); byte [] b = (...); for
( int i =
0 ; i < 8 ; i++) b[ 6
+ i] = a[ 3
+ i]; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
System.arraycopy(a, 3, b, 6, 8);
使用循环(扩大规模):
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// Make array ‘a‘ larger to newLen byte [] a = (...); byte [] b =
new byte [newLen]; for
( int i =
0 ; i < a.length; i++)
// Goes up to length of A b[i] = a[i]; a = b; |
使用循环(减小规模):
// Make array ‘a‘ smaller to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) // Goes up to length of B b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
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a = Arrays.copyOf(a, newLen); |
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int
packBigEndian( byte [] b) { return
(b[ 0 ] &
0xFF ) << 24 | (b[ 1 ] &
0xFF ) << 16 | (b[ 2 ] &
0xFF ) <<
8 | (b[ 3 ] &
0xFF ) <<
0 ; } int
packLittleEndian( byte [] b) { return
(b[ 0 ] &
0xFF ) <<
0 | (b[ 1 ] &
0xFF ) <<
8 | (b[ 2 ] &
0xFF ) << 16 | (b[ 3 ] &
0xFF ) << 24 ; } |
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byte [] unpackBigEndian( int
x) { return
new byte [] { ( byte )(x >>>
24 ), ( byte )(x >>>
16 ), ( byte )(x >>>
8 ), ( byte )(x >>>
0 ) }; } byte [] unpackLittleEndian( int
x) { return
new byte [] { ( byte )(x >>>
0 ), ( byte )(x >>>
8 ), ( byte )(x >>>
16 ), ( byte )(x >>>
24 ) }; } |
疯狂Java学习笔记(89)-----------Java习惯用法总结
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u011225629/article/details/46543887