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在Java编程中,有些知识 并不能仅通过语言规范或者标准API文档就能学到的。在本文中,我会尽量收集一些最常用的习惯用法,特别是很难猜到的用法。(Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》对这个话题给出了更详尽的论述,可以从这本书里学习更多的用法。)
我把本文的所有代码都放在公共场所里。你可以根据自己的喜好去复制和修改任意的代码片段,不需要任何的凭证。
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class
Person { String name; int
birthYear; byte[] raw; public
boolean equals(Object obj) { if
(!obj instanceof
Person) return
false; Person other = (Person)obj; return
name.equals(other.name) && birthYear == other.birthYear && Arrays.equals(raw, other.raw); } public
int hashCode() { ... }} |
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class
Person { String a; Object b; byte
c; int[] d; public
int hashCode() { return
a.hashCode() + b.hashCode() + c + Arrays.hashCode(d); } public
boolean equals(Object o) { ... }} |
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class
Person implements
Comparable<Person> { String firstName; String lastName; int
birthdate; // Compare by firstName, break ties by lastName, finally break ties by birthdate public
int compareTo(Person other) { if
(firstName.compareTo(other.firstName) != 0) return
firstName.compareTo(other.firstName); else
if (lastName.compareTo(other.lastName) !=
0) return
lastName.compareTo(other.lastName); else
if (birthdate < other.birthdate) return
-1; else
if (birthdate > other.birthdate) return
1; else return
0; }} |
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class
Values implements
Cloneable { String abc; double
foo; int[] bars; Date hired; public
Values clone() { try
{ Values result = (Values)super.clone(); result.bars = result.bars.clone(); result.hired = result.hired.clone(); return
result; }
catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// Impossible throw
new AssertionError(e); } }} |
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// join(["a", "b", "c"]) -> "a and b and c"String join(List<String> strs) { StringBuilder sb =
new StringBuilder(); boolean
first = true; for
(String s : strs) { if
(first) first = false; else
sb.append(" and "); sb.append(s); } return
sb.toString();} |
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Random rand =
new Random();// Between 1 and 6, inclusiveint
diceRoll() { return
rand.nextInt(6) +
1;} |
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void
filter(List<String> list) { for
(Iterator<String> iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { String item = iter.next(); if
(...) iter.remove(); }} |
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String reverse(String s) { return
new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();} |
下面的三个例子使用了不同的方式完成了同样的事情。
实现Runnnable的方式:
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void
startAThread0() { new
Thread(new
MyRunnable()).start();}class
MyRunnable implements
Runnable { public
void run() { ... }} |
继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread1() { new
MyThread().start();}class
MyThread extends
Thread { public
void run() { ... }} |
匿名继承Thread的方式:
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void
startAThread2() { new
Thread() { public
void run() { ... } }.start();} |
I/O流例子:
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void
writeStuff() throws
IOException { OutputStream out =
new FileOutputStream(...); try
{ out.write(...); }
finally { out.close(); }} |
锁例子:
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void
doWithLock(Lock lock) { lock.acquire(); try
{ ... }
finally { lock.release(); }} |
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InputStream in = (...);try
{ while
(true) { int
b = in.read(); if
(b == -1) break; (... process b ...) }} finally
{ in.close();} |
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InputStream in = (...);try
{ byte[] buf =
new byte[100]; while
(true) { int
n = in.read(buf); if
(n == -1) break; (... process buf with offset=0
and length=n ...) }} finally
{ in.close();} |
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BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader( new
InputStreamReader(new
FileInputStream(...), "UTF-8"));try
{ while
(true) { String line = in.readLine(); if
(line == null) break; (... process line ...) }} finally
{ in.close();} |
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PrintWriter out =
new PrintWriter( new
OutputStreamWriter(new
FileOutputStream(...), "UTF-8"));try
{ out.print("Hello "); out.print(42); out.println(" world!");} finally
{ out.close();} |
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int
factorial(int n) { if
(n < 0) throw
new IllegalArgumentException("Undefined"); else
if (n >= 13) throw
new ArithmeticException("Result overflow"); else
if (n == 0) return
1; else return
n * factorial(n - 1);} |
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int
findIndex(List<String> list, String target) { if
(list == null
|| target == null) throw
new NullPointerException(); ...} |
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void
frob(byte[] b,
int index) { if
(b == null) throw
new NullPointerException(); if
(index < 0
|| index >= b.length) throw
new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ...} |
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void
frob(byte[] b,
int off, int
len) { if
(b == null) throw
new NullPointerException(); if
(off < 0
|| off > b.length || len <
0 || b.length - off < len) throw
new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); ...} |
使用循环:
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// Fill each element of array ‘a‘ with 123byte[] a = (...);for
(int i =
0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] =
123; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
Arrays.fill(a, (byte)123);
使用循环:
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// Copy 8 elements from array ‘a‘ starting at offset 3// to array ‘b‘ starting at offset 6,// assuming ‘a‘ and ‘b‘ are distinct arraysbyte[] a = (...);byte[] b = (...);for
(int i =
0; i < 8; i++) b[6
+ i] = a[3
+ i]; |
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
System.arraycopy(a, 3, b, 6, 8);
使用循环(扩大规模):
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// Make array ‘a‘ larger to newLenbyte[] a = (...);byte[] b =
new byte[newLen];for
(int i =
0; i < a.length; i++)
// Goes up to length of A b[i] = a[i];a = b; |
使用循环(减小规模):
// Make array ‘a‘ smaller to newLen byte[] a = (...); byte[] b = new byte[newLen]; for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) // Goes up to length of B b[i] = a[i]; a = b;
(优先)使用标准库的方法:
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a = Arrays.copyOf(a, newLen); |
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int
packBigEndian(byte[] b) { return
(b[0] &
0xFF) << 24 | (b[1] &
0xFF) << 16 | (b[2] &
0xFF) <<
8 | (b[3] &
0xFF) <<
0;}int
packLittleEndian(byte[] b) { return
(b[0] &
0xFF) <<
0 | (b[1] &
0xFF) <<
8 | (b[2] &
0xFF) << 16 | (b[3] &
0xFF) << 24;} |
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byte[] unpackBigEndian(int
x) { return
new byte[] { (byte)(x >>>
24), (byte)(x >>>
16), (byte)(x >>>
8), (byte)(x >>>
0) };}byte[] unpackLittleEndian(int
x) { return
new byte[] { (byte)(x >>>
0), (byte)(x >>>
8), (byte)(x >>>
16), (byte)(x >>>
24) };} |
疯狂Java学习笔记(89)-----------Java习惯用法总结
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u011225629/article/details/46543887