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注：这里的服务是指Windows 服务。
市面上常见的安装一个服务的方法大概有这么几种：
此前我一直用的就是InstallHelper法，但最近需要安装一个服务时却遇到问题，就是承载该服务的程序文件（exe），同时又是个带用户界面的桌面程序，它通过传入main方法的参数决定是以服务运行，还是以桌面程序运行（这里不讨论为什么不把服务和桌面程序分成两个exe。另外有关如何让一个exe即是服务又是桌面程序的问题，请参看园子里其它猿友的文章，或者有闲心我也会写一篇），这就需要安装该服务时，给映像文件路径带上参数，但InstallHelper不支持带参数，勉强带上参数的话，不是报文件不存在，就是报路径不能有非法字符。看了InstallHelper的源码，发现它会把路径和参数整个套进一对双引号，这样在传递给更底层的安装方法时，底层方法会将该字串视为一个路径，自然不是一个合法的路径。但要我去用sc.exe，那是一万个不愿意，伦家可是一个有追求的码屌好不好。所以好好研究了一下InstallHelper的实现，大概套路是这样：
为exe所属程序集创建AssemblyInstaller，AssemblyInstaller会负责创建程序集中所有标记有RunInstallerAttribute特性的类的实例，并将它们加入一个installer集合，最后由TransactedInstaller埃个执行这些installer，实际上就是各个installer实例执行各自的Install方法。对于服务（ServiceBase类）来说，用VS添加安装程序后，便会自动生成一个叫ProjectInstaller的类，这个类就标有RunInstallerAttribute特性。ProjectInstaller类本身会携带两个installer实例，分别属于ServiceProcessInstaller和ServiceInstaller类，ProjectInstaller得到执行的时候会把这俩实例也加入上述installer集合，所以最终执行的是这俩实例的Install方法。其中ServiceProcessInstaller的Install并不真正执行啥玩意儿，它只是携带一些信息（比如运行服务的帐户），供ServiceInstaller的Install取用，真正执行安装服务这个事的是ServiceInstaller的Install方法。
——然而上面这段话并没有什么卵用，不懂的童鞋还得自己看源码推敲才能弄懂。记住一点就好，服务的安装是System.ServiceProcess.ServiceInstaller的Install方法起作用，上面一堆XXXInstaller都是浮云。而ServiceInstaller.Install内部正是调用CreateService这个系统API来执行服务的安装。所以归根结底，溯本追源，CreateService才是正宗，当然它内部是啥玩意儿就不知道了。题外，一个exe中多个服务时，ServiceProcessInstaller须只有一个，而ServiceInstaller则是每个服务对应一个，看名字就知道，前者与服务承载进程有关，大家都在一个exe里，当然要共用进程设置，后者则是存储每个服务的设置，自然要一一对应。
回到正题，弄清InstallHelper最终是调用CreateService后，直接看后者支不支持带参数安装就行了，答案显然是支持的（该API文档在此），遂写了个基于API的操作类，问题解决。
该操作类目前仅提供Install和Uninstall俩方法，用以替代InstallHelper，至于对服务的其它操作（启动/停止等），System.ServiceProcess.ServiceController类已经完备的实现，时间仓促，无暇造轮，后面有闲心再说。
using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading; namespace AhDung { #region 异常定义 /// <summary> /// 服务不存在异常 /// </summary> public class ServiceNotExistException : ApplicationException { public ServiceNotExistException() : base("服务不存在！") { } public ServiceNotExistException(string message) : base(message) { } } #endregion #region 枚举定义 /// <summary> /// 服务启动类型 /// </summary> public enum ServiceStartType { Boot, System, Auto, Manual, Disabled } /// <summary> /// 服务运行帐户 /// </summary> public enum ServiceAccount { LocalSystem, LocalService, NetworkService, } #endregion /// <summary> /// Windows 服务辅助类 /// </summary> public static class ServiceHelper { #region 公开方法 /// <summary> /// 安装服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param> /// <param name="displayName">友好名称</param> /// <param name="binaryFilePath">映像文件路径，可带参数</param> /// <param name="description">服务描述</param> /// <param name="startType">启动类型</param> /// <param name="account">启动账户</param> /// <param name="dependencies">依赖服务</param> public static void Install(string serviceName, string displayName, string binaryFilePath, string description, ServiceStartType startType, ServiceAccount account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem, string[] dependencies = null) { IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager(); IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero; try { service = Win32Class.CreateService(scm, serviceName, displayName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, Win32Class.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, startType, Win32Class.SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, binaryFilePath, null, IntPtr.Zero, ProcessDependencies(dependencies), GetServiceAccountName(account), null); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() == 0x431)//ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS { throw new ApplicationException("服务已存在！"); } throw new ApplicationException("服务安装失败！"); } //设置服务描述 Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION sd = new Win32Class.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION(); try { sd.description = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(description); Win32Class.ChangeServiceConfig2(service, 1, ref sd); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(sd.description); //释放 } } finally { if (service != IntPtr.Zero) { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service); } Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm); } } /// <summary> /// 卸载服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名</param> public static void Uninstall(string serviceName) { IntPtr scmHandle = IntPtr.Zero; IntPtr service = IntPtr.Zero; try { service = OpenService(serviceName, out scmHandle); StopService(service); //停止服务。里面会递归停止从属服务 if (!Win32Class.DeleteService(service) && Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0x430) //忽略已标记为删除的服务。ERROR_SERVICE_MARKED_FOR_DELETE { throw new ApplicationException("删除服务失败！"); } } catch (ServiceNotExistException) { } //忽略服务不存在的情况 finally { if (service != IntPtr.Zero) { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(service); Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);//放if里面是因为如果服务打开失败，在OpenService里就已释放SCM } } } #endregion #region 辅助方法 /// <summary> /// 转换帐户枚举为有效参数 /// </summary> private static string GetServiceAccountName(ServiceAccount account) { if (account == ServiceAccount.LocalService) { return @"NT AUTHORITY\LocalService"; } if (account == ServiceAccount.NetworkService) { return @"NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService"; } return null; } /// <summary> /// 处理依赖服务参数 /// </summary> private static string ProcessDependencies(string[] dependencies) { if (dependencies == null || dependencies.Length == 0) { return null; } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (string s in dependencies) { sb.Append(s).Append(‘\0‘); } sb.Append(‘\0‘); return sb.ToString(); } #endregion #region API 封装方法 /// <summary> /// 打开服务管理器 /// </summary> private static IntPtr OpenSCManager() { IntPtr scm = Win32Class.OpenSCManager(null, null, Win32Class.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if (scm == IntPtr.Zero) { throw new ApplicationException("打开服务管理器失败！"); } return scm; } /// <summary> /// 打开服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param> /// <param name="scmHandle">服务管理器句柄。供调用者释放</param> private static IntPtr OpenService(string serviceName, out IntPtr scmHandle) { scmHandle = OpenSCManager(); IntPtr service = Win32Class.OpenService(scmHandle, serviceName, Win32Class.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); if (service == IntPtr.Zero) { int errCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle); //关闭SCM if (errCode == 0x424) //ERROR_SERVICE_DOES_NOT_EXIST { throw new ServiceNotExistException(); } throw new Win32Exception(); } return service; } /// <summary> /// 停止服务 /// </summary> private static void StopService(IntPtr service) { ServiceState currState = GetServiceStatus(service); if (currState == ServiceState.Stopped) { return; } if (currState != ServiceState.StopPending) { //递归停止从属服务 string[] childSvs = EnumDependentServices(service, EnumServiceState.Active); if (childSvs.Length != 0) { IntPtr scm = OpenSCManager(); try { foreach (string childSv in childSvs) { StopService(Win32Class.OpenService(scm, childSv, Win32Class.SERVICE_STOP)); } } finally { Win32Class.CloseServiceHandle(scm); } } Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS(); Win32Class.ControlService(service, Win32Class.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ref status); //发送停止指令 } if (!WaitForStatus(service, ServiceState.Stopped, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30))) { throw new ApplicationException("停止服务失败！"); } } /// <summary> /// 遍历从属服务 /// </summary> /// <param name="serviceHandle"></param> /// <param name="state">选择性遍历（活动、非活动、全部）</param> private static string[] EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState state) { int bytesNeeded = 0; //存放从属服务的空间大小，由API返回 int numEnumerated = 0; //从属服务数，由API返回 //先尝试以空结构获取，如获取成功说明从属服务为空，否则拿到上述俩值 if (Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated)) { return new string[0]; } if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0xEA) //仅当错误值不是大小不够(ERROR_MORE_DATA)时才抛异常 { throw new Win32Exception(); } //在非托管区域创建指针 IntPtr structsStart = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(new IntPtr(bytesNeeded)); try { //往上述指针处塞存放从属服务的结构组，每个从属服务是一个结构 if (!Win32Class.EnumDependentServices(serviceHandle, state, structsStart, bytesNeeded, ref bytesNeeded, ref numEnumerated)) { throw new Win32Exception(); } string[] dependentServices = new string[numEnumerated]; int sizeOfStruct = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)); //每个结构的大小 long structsStartAsInt64 = structsStart.ToInt64(); for (int i = 0; i < numEnumerated; i++) { Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS structure = new Win32Class.ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS(); IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(structsStartAsInt64 + i * sizeOfStruct); //根据起始指针、结构次序和结构大小推算各结构起始指针 Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr, structure); //根据指针拿到结构 dependentServices[i] = structure.serviceName; //从结构中拿到服务名 } return dependentServices; } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(structsStart); } } /// <summary> /// 获取服务状态 /// </summary> private static ServiceState GetServiceStatus(IntPtr service) { Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS status = new Win32Class.SERVICE_STATUS(); if (!Win32Class.QueryServiceStatus(service, ref status)) { throw new ApplicationException("获取服务状态出错！"); } return status.currentState; } /// <summary> /// 等候服务至目标状态 /// </summary> private static bool WaitForStatus(IntPtr serviceHandle, ServiceState desiredStatus, TimeSpan timeout) { DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now; while (GetServiceStatus(serviceHandle) != desiredStatus) { if (DateTime.Now - startTime > timeout) { return false; } Thread.Sleep(200); } return true; } #endregion #region 嵌套类 /// <summary> /// Win32 API相关 /// </summary> private static class Win32Class { #region 常量定义 /// <summary> /// 打开服务管理器时请求的权限：全部 /// </summary> public const int SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF003F; /// <summary> /// 服务类型：自有进程类服务 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10; /// <summary> /// 打开服务时请求的权限：全部 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = 0xF01FF; /// <summary> /// 打开服务时请求的权限：停止 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_STOP = 0x20; /// <summary> /// 服务操作标记：停止 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1; /// <summary> /// 服务出错行为标记 /// </summary> public const int SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1; #endregion #region API所需类和结构定义 /// <summary> /// 服务状态结构体 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct SERVICE_STATUS { public int serviceType; public ServiceState currentState; public int controlsAccepted; public int win32ExitCode; public int serviceSpecificExitCode; public int checkPoint; public int waitHint; } /// <summary> /// 服务描述结构体 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION { public IntPtr description; } /// <summary> /// 服务状态结构体。遍历API会用到 /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public class ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS { public string serviceName; public string displayName; public int serviceType; public int currentState; public int controlsAccepted; public int win32ExitCode; public int serviceSpecificExitCode; public int checkPoint; public int waitHint; } #endregion #region API定义 [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2(IntPtr serviceHandle, uint infoLevel, ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION serviceDesc); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr OpenSCManager(string machineName, string databaseName, int dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern IntPtr OpenService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, int dwDesiredAccess); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr CreateService(IntPtr hSCManager, string lpServiceName, string lpDisplayName, int dwDesiredAccess, int dwServiceType, ServiceStartType dwStartType, int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup, IntPtr lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName, string lpPassword); [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success), DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(IntPtr handle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool QueryServiceStatus(IntPtr hService, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool DeleteService(IntPtr serviceHandle); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool ControlService(IntPtr hService, int dwControl, ref SERVICE_STATUS lpServiceStatus); [DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool EnumDependentServices(IntPtr serviceHandle, EnumServiceState serviceState, IntPtr bufferOfENUM_SERVICE_STATUS, int bufSize, ref int bytesNeeded, ref int numEnumerated); #endregion } #endregion /// <summary> /// 服务状态枚举。用于遍历从属服务API /// </summary> private enum EnumServiceState { Active = 1, //InActive = 2, //All = 3 } /// <summary> /// 服务状态 /// </summary> private enum ServiceState { Stopped = 1, //StartPending = 2, StopPending = 3, //Running = 4, //ContinuePending = 5, //PausePending = 6, //Paused = 7 } } }
//安装 ServiceHelper.Install( "test", // 服务名 "Test Sv", // 显示名称 @"""C:\新建 文件夹\test.exe"" /s", // 映像路径，可带参数，若路径有空格，需给路径（不含参数）套上双引号 "描述描述描述", // 服务描述 ServiceStartType.Auto, // 启动类型 ServiceAccount.LocalService, // 运行帐户 new[] { "AudioSrv", "WebClient" } // 依赖服务 ); //卸载 ServiceHelper.Uninstall("test");
最后通过一张图说明一下服务的各个概念：
-文毕-
【C#】分享基于Win32 API的服务操作类（解决ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper不能带参数安装的问题）
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/ahdung/p/4587003.html
