Java 继承详解

class SubDemo extends Demo{}    //SubDemo是子类，Demo是父类

//一个类只能有一个父类，不可以有多个父类。
class SubDemo extends Demo{} //ok
class SubDemo extends Demo1,Demo2...//error

class A{}
class B extends A{}
class C extends B{}

this.变量    --    本类的
super.变量    --    父类的

this(...)    --    本类的
super(...)    --    父类的

this.方法名()    --    本类的    
super.方法名()    --    父类的

//多态向下转型和向上转型的例子，多态转型解决了多态中父类引用不能使用子类特有成员的弊端。
class PolymorphicTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Phone p1 = new Nokia();        //向上转型，类型提升
        Nokia no = (Nokia)p1;          //向下转型，强制将父类的引用转换成子类类型，不能将Nokia类型转成Moto或Nexus类型
        no.print();                      //输出结果为Phone---null---0，因为继承了父类的方法

        Phone p2 = new Moto();
        Moto m = (Moto)p2;
        m.print();                    //输出结果为Moto---yellow---1599，方法重写，子类方法覆盖父类方法

        Phone p3 = new Nexus();
        Nexus ne = (Nexus)p3;
        ne.print();
    }
}

class Phone{    
    String color;
    int price;

    public void print(){
        System.out.println("Phone---" + color + "---" + price );
    }    
}

class Nokia extends Phone{
    String color = "red";
    int price = 1009;

    //public void print(){
    //    System.out.println("Nokia---" + color + "---" + price);
    //}
}

class Moto extends Phone{
    String color = "yellow";
    int price = 1599;

    public void print(){
        System.out.println("Moto---" + color + "---" + price);
    }
}

class Nexus extends Phone{
    String color = "black";
    int price = 1999;

    public void print(){
        System.out.println("Nexus---" + color + "---" + price);
    }
}
}

abstract class 葵花宝典 {
    public abstract void 自宫();
}

class 岳不群 extends 葵花宝典 {
    public void 自宫(){
        System.out.println("剪刀");
    }
}

class 林平之 extends 葵花宝典{
    public void 自宫(){
        System.out.println("指甲刀");
    }
}
class AbstractTest  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        岳不群 岳 = new 岳不群();
        岳.自宫();

        林平之 林 = new 林平之();
        林.自宫();
    }
}

//运动员和教练的案例（下图是思路分析）

/*
    篮球运动员和教练
    乒乓球运动员和教练
    现在篮球运动员和教练要出国访问,需要学习英语
    请根据你所学的知识,分析出来哪些是类,哪些是抽象类,哪些是接口
*/
interface SpeakEnglish {
    public abstract void speak();
}

interface GoAboard{
    public abstract void aboard();
}

abstract class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(){}

    public Person(String name,int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }
    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    //吃饭
    public abstract void eat();
    //睡觉
    public void sleep(){
        System.out.println("Zzz...");
    }
}
//运动员
abstract class Player extends Person {
    public abstract void study();
}
//教练
abstract class Coach extends Person {
    public abstract void teach();
}

//篮球运动员
class BasketballPlayer extends Player implements SpeakEnglish,GoAboard{
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "吃鸡腿");
    }

    public void study(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "学扣篮");
    }

    public void speak(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + " Say Hello World");
    }

    public void aboard(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + " Go Aboard");
    }
}
//乒乓运动员
class PingPangPlayer extends Player{
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "吃鸡蛋");
    }

    public void study(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "学扣球");
    }
}
//篮球教练
class BasketballCoach extends Coach implements SpeakEnglish {
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "啃鸡爪");
    }

    public void teach(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "教扣篮");
    }

    public void speak(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + " Say Hello Java");
    }

    public void aboard(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + " Go Aboard");
    }
}
//乒乓球教练
class PingPangCoach extends Coach{
    public void eat(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "吃鸡蛋皮");
    }

    public void teach(){
        System.out.println(getAge() + "岁的" + getName() + "教扣球");
    }
}
class PlayerAndCoach {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //篮球运动员
        BasketballPlayer bp = new BasketballPlayer();
        bp.setName("郭艾伦");
        bp.setAge(33);
        bp.eat();
        bp.sleep();
        bp.study();
        bp.speak();
        bp.aboard();
        System.out.println("***********************");
        //篮球教练
        BasketballCoach bc = new BasketballCoach();
        bc.setName("波波维奇");
        bc.setAge(65);
        bc.eat();
        bc.sleep();
        bc.teach();
        bc.speak();
        bc.aboard();
        System.out.println("***********************");
        //多态
        Person p = new BasketballPlayer();
        p.setName("Kobe Bryant");
        p.setAge(33);
        p.eat();
        p.sleep();
        //p.study();
        //p.speak();

        BasketballPlayer bp2 = (BasketballPlayer)p;
        bp2.study();
        bp2.speak();
        bp2.aboard();
        System.out.println("***********************");
    }
}