1. 首先从官方网站上下载crosstool-ng的源码包 http://ymorin.is-a-geek.org/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.11.1.tar.bz2
2. 将此源码包解压缩并编译安装
tar jxvf crosstool-ng-1.11.1.tar.bz2
cd crosstool-ng--1.11.1
./configure
make
sudo make install
注意：运行configure文件会提示一系列的工具没有安装，安装就是了，例如bison，flex，makeinfo（需要安装texinfo），automake（需要先安装autoconf），libtool，ncurses，libncurses-devel，安装方法：mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cds，挂载到cds目录，然后在Packages目录下查找相关的软件，利用命令：rpm –ivh ****安装即可。安装成功后，运行configure文件的结果如下：
Checking for ‘grep‘... /bin/grep
Checking whether ‘/bin/grep‘ supports -E... yes
Checking for ‘sed‘... /bin/sed
Checking whether ‘/bin/sed‘ supports -i and -e... yes
Checking for ‘bash‘... /bin/bash
Checking for ‘cut‘... /usr/bin/cut
Checking for ‘install‘... /usr/bin/install
Checking for ‘make‘... /usr/bin/make
Checking for ‘gcc‘... /usr/bin/gcc
Checking for ‘awk‘... /usr/bin/awk
Checking for ‘bison‘... /usr/bin/bison
Checking for ‘flex‘... /usr/bin/flex
Checking for ‘makeinfo‘... /usr/bin/makeinfo
Checking for ‘automake‘... /usr/bin/automake
Checking for ‘libtool‘... /usr/bin/libtool
Checking for ‘stat‘... /usr/bin/stat
Checking for ‘curl‘... /usr/bin/curl
Checking for ‘cvs‘... /usr/bin/cvs
Checking for ‘patch‘... /usr/bin/patch
Checking for ‘tar‘... /bin/tar
Checking for ‘gzip‘... /usr/bin/gzip
Checking for ‘bzip2‘... /usr/bin/bzip2
Checking for ‘lzma‘... /usr/bin/lzma
Checking for ‘readlink‘... /usr/bin/readlink
Checking for ‘objcopy‘... /usr/bin/objcopy
Checking for ‘objdump‘... /usr/bin/objdump
Checking for ‘readelf‘... /usr/bin/readelf
Checking for ‘patch‘... /usr/bin/patch
Checking for ‘ncurses/ncurses.h‘... yes
Checking for ‘libncursesw.so‘... yes
Computing version string... 1.11.1
Building up Makefile... done
crosstool-NG configured as follows:
PREFIX=‘/usr/local‘
BINDIR=‘/usr/local/bin‘
LIBDIR=‘/usr/local/lib/ct-ng-1.11.1‘
DOCDIR=‘/usr/local/share/doc/ct-ng-1.11.1‘
MANDIR=‘/usr/local/share/man‘
Now run:
make
make install
键入make：结果如下
SED ‘ct-ng‘
SED ‘scripts/crosstool-NG.sh‘
SED ‘scripts/saveSample.sh‘
SED ‘scripts/showTuple.sh‘
GEN ‘paths.mk‘
SED ‘docs/ct-ng.1‘
GZIP ‘docs/ct-ng.1.gz‘
键入 make install：运行结果如下
INST ‘ct-ng‘
RMDIR ‘/usr/local/lib/ct-ng-1.11.1/‘
MKDIR ‘/usr/local/lib/ct-ng-1.11.1/‘
INSTDIR ‘config/‘
INSTDIR ‘contrib/‘
INSTDIR ‘kconfig/‘
INSTDIR ‘patches/‘
INSTDIR ‘scripts/‘
INST ‘steps.mk‘
INST ‘paths.mk‘
INSTDIR ‘samples/‘
MKDIR ‘/usr/local/share/doc/ct-ng-1.11.1/‘
INST ‘docs/*.txt‘
INST ‘ct-ng.1.gz‘
For auto-completion, do not forget to install ‘ct-ng.comp‘ into
your bash completion directory (usually /etc/bash_completion.d)
当上述过程执行完毕后，cn-ng命令就可以用了。
3.配置自己的交叉工具链
crosstool-ng可以配置各种平台的交叉编译器，也可以构建符合自己实用条件的个性编译器。下面以ARM平台为例，制作具有一定通用性的交叉编译器。这里我们从一个现成的编译器配置开始，用例子里的arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi作为配置的基础，然后来做一个交叉编译器。
将crosstool-ng源码包中samples/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/下的crosstool.config拷贝到源码包主目录下，在源码包主目录下执行：
cp samples/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/crosstool.config .config
然后执行：ct-ng menuconfig 进入配置菜单，这里稍作修改：
Paths and misc options --->
......
(${HOME}/src) Local tarballs directory # 指定制作编译器所需要的源码包的下载存放，可以修改成任意位置，请注意权限。现在指定到~/src下。
......
(/opt/${CT_TARGET}) Prefix directory # 制作好的编译器所放置的目录
Target options --->
Target Architecture (arm) ---> # 注意看这项是不是ARM平台
......
Floating point: (software) ---> # 对于很多ARM架构CPU来说是不支持硬浮点运算的，所以选择软件方式有更好的兼容性
......
[*] Use EABI # 是否实用EABI方式，对某些指令采用异常的方式来处理（如除法指令），建议选中
Toolchain options --->
.....
(tonghuix) Tuple‘s vendor string # 这里可以修改成你自己的个性化名称，最后会生成形如arm-yourname-linux-gnueabi这样的编译器
当修改好后就可以编译了。
4.自动下载和编译
注意，在下载的过程中，有些软件包可能无法下载，这个时候，可以自己手动现下载到指定的文件夹（跟上一节的配置有关），一个小技巧就是可以查看下当前的crosstool版本需要哪些版本的软件包，将其下载放入指定的文件夹内即可。
安装成功后的结果如下：
[INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks
[INFO ] Build started 20150625.114507
[INFO ] Building environment variables
[EXTRA] Preparing working directories
[EXTRA] Installing user-supplied crosstool-NG configuration
[EXTRA] =================================================================
[EXTRA] Dumping internal crosstool-NG configuration
[EXTRA] Building a toolchain for:
[EXTRA] build = x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
[EXTRA] host = x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
[EXTRA] target = arm-zk-linux-gnueabi
[EXTRA] Dumping internal crosstool-NG configuration: done in 0.09s (at 00:04)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components‘ tarballs
[INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components‘ tarballs: done in 0.20s (at 00:04)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components
[INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components: done in 7.50s (at 00:12)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing GMP
[EXTRA] Configuring GMP
[EXTRA] Building GMP
[EXTRA] Installing GMP
[INFO ] Installing GMP: done in 84.65s (at 01:36)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing MPFR
[EXTRA] Configuring MPFR
[EXTRA] Building MPFR
[EXTRA] Installing MPFR
[INFO ] Installing MPFR: done in 22.99s (at 01:59)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing PPL
[EXTRA] Configuring PPL
[EXTRA] Building PPL
[EXTRA] Installing PPL
[INFO ] Installing PPL: done in 257.60s (at 06:17)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing CLooG/ppl
[EXTRA] Configuring CLooG/ppl
[EXTRA] Building CLooG/ppl
[EXTRA] Installing CLooG/ppl
[INFO ] Installing CLooG/ppl: done in 5.68s (at 06:23)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing binutils
[EXTRA] Configuring binutils
[EXTRA] Building binutils
[EXTRA] Installing binutils
[INFO ] Installing binutils: done in 70.85s (at 07:33)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing static core C compiler
[EXTRA] Configuring static core C compiler
[EXTRA] Building static core C compiler
[EXTRA] Installing static core C compiler
[INFO ] Installing static core C compiler: done in 162.04s (at 10:16)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing kernel headers
[EXTRA] Installing kernel headers
[EXTRA] Checking installed headers
[INFO ] Installing kernel headers: done in 4.85s (at 10:20)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files
[EXTRA] Configuring C library
[EXTRA] Installing C library headers
[EXTRA] Installing C library start files
[INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files: done in 42.90s (at 11:03)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing shared core C compiler
[EXTRA] Configuring shared core C compiler
[EXTRA] Building shared core C compiler
[EXTRA] Installing shared core C compiler
[INFO ] Installing shared core C compiler: done in 189.29s (at 14:13)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing C library
[EXTRA] Configuring C library
[EXTRA] Building C library
[EXTRA] Installing C library
[27:05] |
[INFO ] Installing C library: done in 779.85s (at 27:12)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing final compiler
[EXTRA] Configuring final compiler
[EXTRA] Building final compiler
[28:42] \
[EXTRA] Installing final compiler
[INFO ] Installing final compiler: done in 546.82s (at 36:19)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing libelf for the target
[EXTRA] Configuring libelf
[EXTRA] Building libelf
[EXTRA] Installing libelf
[INFO ] Installing libelf for the target: done in 5.61s (at 36:25)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing binutils for target
[EXTRA] Configuring binutils for target
[EXTRA] Building binutils‘ libraries (libiberty bfd) for target
[EXTRA] Installing binutils‘ libraries (libiberty bfd) for target
[INFO ] Installing binutils for target: done in 112.11s (at 38:17)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing dmalloc
[EXTRA] Configuring dmalloc
[EXTRA] Building dmalloc
[EXTRA] Installing dmalloc
[INFO ] Installing dmalloc: done in 8.71s (at 38:26)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing D.U.M.A.
[EXTRA] Copying sources
[EXTRA] Building libraries ‘libduma.a libduma.so.0.0.0‘
[EXTRA] Installing libraries ‘libduma.a libduma.so.0.0.0‘
[EXTRA] Installing shared library link
[EXTRA] Installing wrapper script
[INFO ] Installing D.U.M.A.: done in 2.81s (at 38:29)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing cross-gdb
[EXTRA] Configuring cross-gdb
[EXTRA] Building cross-gdb
[EXTRA] Installing cross-gdb
[INFO ] Installing cross-gdb: done in 173.96s (at 41:23)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing native gdb
[EXTRA] Building static target ncurses
[EXTRA] Building static target expat
[EXTRA] Configuring native gdb
[EXTRA] Building native gdb
[EXTRA] Installing native gdb
[EXTRA] Cleaning up ncurses
[INFO ] Installing native gdb: done in 301.57s (at 46:24)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing gdbserver
[EXTRA] Configuring gdbserver
[EXTRA] Building gdbserver
[EXTRA] Installing gdbserver
[INFO ] Installing gdbserver: done in 8.61s (at 46:33)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing ltrace
[EXTRA] Copying sources to build dir
[EXTRA] Configuring ltrace
[EXTRA] Building ltrace
[EXTRA] Installing ltrace
[INFO ] Installing ltrace: done in 4.36s (at 46:37)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Installing strace
[EXTRA] Configuring strace
[EXTRA] Building strace
[EXTRA] Installing strace
[INFO ] Installing strace: done in 16.56s (at 46:54)
[INFO ] =================================================================
[INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain‘s directory
[INFO ] Stripping all toolchain executables
[EXTRA] Installing the populate helper
[EXTRA] Installing a cross-ldd helper
[EXTRA] Creating toolchain aliases
[EXTRA] Removing access to the build system tools
[INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain‘s directory: done in 4.10s (at 46:58)
[INFO ] Build completed at 20150625.123205
[INFO ] (elapsed: 46:58.12)
[INFO ] Finishing installation (may take a few seconds)...
5.安装交叉编译器并测试
注意：这里我的编译器所在位置为${home}/x-tool/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/bin，由ct-ng menuconfig可以看出如下：
进入编译器所在目录：/root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/bin
执行如下命令：./arm-zk-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.4.4 –v
输入结果如下：
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-zk-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /usr/src/crosstool-ng-1.11.1/.build/src/gcc-4.4.4/configure --build=x86_64-build_unknown-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_unknown-linux-gnu --target=arm-zk-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-multilib --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion=crosstool-NG-1.11.1 --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --disable-libgomp --disable-libssp --with-gmp=/usr/src/crosstool-ng-1.11.1/.build/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/build/static --with-mpfr=/usr/src/crosstool-ng-1.11.1/.build/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/build/static --with-ppl=/usr/src/crosstool-ng-1.11.1/.build/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/build/static --with-cloog=/usr/src/crosstool-ng-1.11.1/.build/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/build/static --with-host-libstdcxx=‘-static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic -lm‘ --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace --with-local-prefix=/root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --disable-nls --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.4 (crosstool-NG-1.11.1)
表明交叉工具安装成功了。。。。。
下面把交叉编译器所在的目录添加到系统PATH变量中，修改~/.bashrc文件，在其中添加:
export PATH=$PATH:/root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/bin
为了使得这个PATH生效，我们可以执行一下~/.bashrc文件：source ~/.bashrc；
这样就可以直接在命令行下使用arm-zk-linux-gcc命令了。
6．标准化安装交叉编译器
我们在使用交叉编译器的时候一般是采用arm-zk-linux-gnueabi这样的命令的，但是很多标准Makefile需要实用标准的交叉编译器的名称，一般这个名称是arm-linux-gcc这样的。
cd /root/x-tools/arm-zk-linux-gnueabi/bin //注意已经要进入安装目录
新建一个脚本link.sh，建立一些软链接
#!/bin/sh
PREFIX=arm-zk-linux-gnueabi-
AFTFIX=arm-linux-
ln -s ${PREFIX}gcc ${AFTFIX}gcc
ln -s ${PREFIX}addr2line ${AFTFIX}addr2line
ln -s ${PREFIX}gdbtui ${AFTFIX}gdbtui
ln -s ${PREFIX}ar ${AFTFIX}ar
ln -s ${PREFIX}as ${AFTFIX}as
ln -s ${PREFIX}c++ ${AFTFIX}c++
ln -s ${PREFIX}c++filt ${AFTFIX}c++filt
ln -s ${PREFIX}cpp ${AFTFIX}cpp
ln -s ${PREFIX}g++ ${AFTFIX}g++
ln -s ${PREFIX}gccbug ${AFTFIX}gccbug
ln -s ${PREFIX}gcj ${AFTFIX}gcj
ln -s ${PREFIX}gcov ${AFTFIX}gcov
ln -s ${PREFIX}gdb ${AFTFIX}gdb
ln -s ${PREFIX}gfortran ${AFTFIX}gfortran
ln -s ${PREFIX}gprof ${AFTFIX}gprof
ln -s ${PREFIX}jcf-dump ${AFTFIX}jcf-dump
ln -s ${PREFIX}ld ${AFTFIX}ld
ln -s ${PREFIX}ldd ${AFTFIX}ldd
ln -s ${PREFIX}nm ${AFTFIX}nm
ln -s ${PREFIX}objcopy ${AFTFIX}objcopy
ln -s ${PREFIX}objdump ${AFTFIX}objdump
ln -s ${PREFIX}populate ${AFTFIX}populate
ln -s ${PREFIX}ranlib ${AFTFIX}ranlib
ln -s ${PREFIX}readelf ${AFTFIX}readelf
ln -s ${PREFIX}run ${AFTFIX}run
ln -s ${PREFIX}size ${AFTFIX}size
ln -s ${PREFIX}strings ${AFTFIX}strings
ln -s ${PREFIX}strip ${AFTFIX}strip
然后执行 sh link.sh。就可以使用arm-linux-gcc这样的命令了。
大功告成啦啦啦
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/zkpingguo/article/details/46772797
