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前段时间发了个TCP通信的例子,现在再来一个UDP通信的例子。这些可以作为样本程序,用到开发中。“裸写”socket老是记不住步骤,经常被鄙视……
下面的例子很简单,写一个UDP的server用于收包,写一个UDP的client用于发包并接收来自server的回复。其中UDP的client写了两个,一个是不需要connect的,另一个是带上connect的,两个client实现的功能是一样的。从效率上,带上connect的UDP肯定效率稍微高一些。不过UDP的connect和TCP里面非常不一样。在UDP里面connect的时候并没有三次握手的过程,但是它指定了与自己通信的对方的具体地址,内核中会将次地址记录下来,如果你的UDP就是在确定了两台机器之间传送信息,建议选取带有connect的套接字。connect之后与对方通信直接write或者read函数就可以,不用再指定对方ip和port,并且connect之后的套接字可以自动过滤掉不是来自指定通信方的信息。UDP可以调用多次connect函数,但是TCP套接字只能调用一次,再次调用会出现错误。
1. 首先是服务端的程序:
UDPserver.cpp
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <unistd.h> 4 #include <sys/types.h> 5 #include <sys/socket.h> 6 #include <stdlib.h> 7 #include <netinet/in.h> 8 #include <arpa/inet.h> 9 10 #define PORT 1234 11 #define MAXDATASIZE 100 12 13 int main(void) 14 { 15 int sockfd; 16 struct sockaddr_in server; 17 struct sockaddr_in client; 18 socklen_t len; 19 int num; 20 char buf[MAXDATASIZE]; 21 if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) 22 { 23 perror("Creating socket failed.\n"); 24 exit(1); 25 } 26 bzero(&server, sizeof(server)); 27 server.sin_family = AF_INET; 28 server.sin_port = htons(PORT); 29 server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); 30 if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1) 31 { 32 perror("Bind() error.\n"); 33 exit(1); 34 } 35 36 len = sizeof(client); 37 while(1) 38 { 39 num = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &len); 40 if(num < 0) 41 { 42 perror("recvfrom() error.\n"); 43 exit(1); 44 } 45 buf[num] = ‘\0‘; 46 printf("You got a message <%s> from client. \nIt‘s ip is %s, port is %d. \n", buf, inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr),htons(client.sin_port)); 47 sendto(sockfd, "Welcome\n", 8, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&client, len); 48 if ( !strcmp(buf, "bye") ){ 49 break; 50 } 51 } 52 close(sockfd); 53 }
2. 然后,我们给出带有connect的客户端程序:
UDPclientWithConnect.cpp
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <unistd.h> 4 #include <string.h> 5 #include <sys/types.h> 6 #include <sys/socket.h> 7 #include <netinet/in.h> 8 #include <netdb.h> 9 #include <arpa/inet.h> 10 11 #define PORT 1234 12 13 #define MAXDATASIZE 100 14 15 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 16 { 17 int sockfd, num; 18 char buf[MAXDATASIZE]; 19 struct hostent *he; 20 struct sockaddr_in server, peer; 21 if(argc != 3) 22 { 23 printf("Usage: %s <IP address> <message>\n", argv[0]); 24 exit(1); 25 } 26 27 if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) 28 { 29 printf("socket() error\n"); 30 exit(1); 31 } 32 bzero(&server, sizeof(server)); 33 server.sin_family = AF_INET; 34 server.sin_port = htons(PORT); 35 36 server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); 37 //server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); 38 if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1) 39 { 40 printf("connect() error.\n"); 41 exit(1); 42 } 43 44 send(sockfd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), 0); 45 46 while(1) 47 { 48 if((num = recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0)) == -1) 49 { 50 printf("recv() error.\n"); 51 exit(1); 52 } 53 54 buf[num] = ‘\0‘; 55 printf("Server Message: %s.\n", buf); 56 break; 57 } 58 close(sockfd); 59 }
3. 最后,再给一个不带connect的客户端程序。
UDPclientNoConnect.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #define PORT 1234 #define MAXDATASIZE 100 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sockfd, num; char buf[MAXDATASIZE]; struct hostent *he; struct sockaddr_in server, peer; if(argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s <IP address> <message>\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } if((he = gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL) { printf("gethostbyname() error\n"); exit(1); } if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) { printf("socket() error\n"); exit(1); } bzero(&server, sizeof(server)); server.sin_family = AF_INET; server.sin_port = htons(PORT); server.sin_addr = *( (struct in_addr *)he->h_addr); sendto(sockfd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)); socklen_t len; len = sizeof(server); while(1) { if((num = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &len)) == -1) { printf("recvfrom() error\n"); exit(1); } if(len != sizeof(server) || memcmp((const void *)&server, (const void *)&peer, len) != 0 ) { printf("Receive message from other server.\n"); continue; } buf[num] = ‘\0‘; printf("Server Message: %s.\n", buf); break; } close(sockfd); }
执行一下命令进行编译:
$ g++ -o UDPserver UDPserver.cpp
$ g++ -o UDPclient2 UDPclientWithConnect.cpp
$ g++ -o UDPclient1 UDPclientNoConnect.cpp
完了以后就看到三个可执行文件了。
打开一个命令行,执行./UDPserver启动服务端程序,再打开另外一个命令行,执行./UDPclient1 127.0.0.1 "nihaonihao"或者./UDPclient2 127.0.0.1 "testtest"即可查看到以下效果:
[horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$ ./UDPserver You got a message <nihaonihao> from client. It‘s ip is 127.0.0.1, port is 25595. You got a message <testtest> from client. It‘s ip is 127.0.0.1, port is 27396.
[horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$ ./UDPclient1 127.0.0.1 "nihaonihao" Server Message: Welcome . [horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$ ./UDPclient2 127.0.0.1 "testtest" Server Message: Welcome . [horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$
最后再来解释一个带有connect的UDP的好处。由于UDP是不可靠传输,如果我发了数据出去,对方其实服务器是关闭的,这时会有什么结果呢?对于刚才的UDPclient1,也就是不带connect的,客户端程序会卡在recvfrom这里,因为对方是关闭的,它永远也收不到来自对方的回包。但是对于UDPclient2,也就是带有connect,我们其实可以收到一个错误,并设置errno(errno:111,connection refused)。这样看上去就比卡死在那里友好多了。对于这个问题的具体分析可以参考这篇文章:
[horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$ ./UDPclient2 127.0.0.1 "testtest" recv() error. [horstxu@vps ~/Cprog/udpCSmodel]$ ./UDPclient1 127.0.0.1 "testtest" #注释:程序在这里卡死
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xuning/p/4614458.html