[Linux]vbox 虚拟机添加新磁盘

情况是这样的，开始创建虚拟机的时候硬盘设置太小了，只有10g，我现在通过vbox的设置给这个linux（centos6.6）虚拟机添加了一块硬盘。
下面的操作就是怎么把硬盘挂载到系统中。

通过 fdisk查看现在物理磁盘的信息（这个要用root权限才行）

以下操作均是root权限。

[root@orangleliu ~]# fdisk -l
...

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

...

写分区表

下面是个交互是过程，每次输入之后根据提示，在进行输入

[root@orangleliu ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa4378777.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to
         sectors (command ‘u‘).

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-3916, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

操作完之后我们再来看磁盘信息

# fdisk -l
...

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa4378777

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        3916    31455238+  83  Linux

...

多了一块分区信息

格式化分区

一个命令就可以搞定了

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1966080 inodes, 7863809 blocks
393190 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
    4096000
?
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

创建新卷标(可忽略）

这一步，我看到有些人做了，有些人没有做，于是查了下资料。
可以看下参考 e2label命令
后面没用上，可以不操作的。

# e2label /dev/sdb1 /data

检查一下

# e2label /dev/sdb1
/data

挂载

创建挂载目录，跟上一步一致

mkdir /data

为了开机自动挂载，还需要编辑 /etc/fstab 文件，文件后面添加一行

/dev/sdb1       /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0

有些可能对这个配置文件不太熟悉，请参见[fatab中文解释](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)

测试

# mount -a
# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_orangleliu-lv_root
                      6.5G  3.2G  3.0G  52% /
tmpfs                 499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   29M  424M   7% /boot
/dev/sdb1              30G   44M   28G   1% /data

然后重启下，再次查看挂载情况，正常挂载，成功。