SQLServer学习笔记系列12

select top 10 * from A where ID
not in(select top 30 ID from A  order by ID asc)
order by ID asc

select top 10 * fron A where ID>
(select Max(ID) from (select top 30 ID from A order by ID)as t)
order by ID asc

select top 10 * from A a1 
WHERE NOT EXISTS 
(SELECT * from 
(SELECT TOP 30 * FROM A ORDER BY id asc) a2
WHERE a2.id =a1.id 
)

select top(20) percent * from hr.employees  

select count(*) as N‘总人数‘ from hr.employees

select top 5 with ties orderid,orderdate
from sales.orders order by orderdate  desc

select firstname,lastname ,count(*) over()  as N‘总人数‘
from hr.employees

select orderid,custid,sum(val) over (partition by custid) as N‘顾客消费总额‘,
sum(val) over() as N‘订单总额‘ from sales.ordervalues

select country,ntile(3) over (order by country) as N‘ntile分组‘,dense_rank() over(order by country) as N‘dense_rank排名‘, lastname,firstname
from hr.employees
order by country

select lastname,firstname,country,row_number() over( partition by country order by country) as N‘排名‘
from hr.employees

select * from sales.ordervalues
where val>=1000 and val<=2000

select * from sales.ordervalues
where val between 1000 and 2000


select * from sales.ordervalues
where custid=1 or custid=2 or custid=9


select * from sales.ordervalues
where custid in(1,2,9)
 
 
 select * from Hr.employees
 where lastname like ‘%a%‘
 
 declare @t char(10);
 set @t=‘hello‘;
 set @t=isnull(@t,‘‘)+‘world‘;
 print datalength(rtrim(@t)

 
 select productname,replace(productname,‘Product‘,‘产品名‘)
 from production.products
 
 
 select productname,stuff(productname,8,1,‘::::‘)
 from production.products
 
  select productname,upper(productname),lower(productname)
 from production.products
 
 
 declare @s char(10);
 set @s=‘hello‘;
 select  datalength(rtrim(@s));
 print len(@s);
 
 
 select firstname,lastname,
 case region
 when ‘WA‘ then ‘华盛顿地区‘
 else ‘其他地区‘
 end
 from hr.employees
 
 select firstname,lastname,region
 from hr.employees
 
 
 select firstname,lastname,
 case when region =‘WA‘ then ‘华盛顿地区‘
      when region is null then ‘未知地区‘
 else ‘其他地区‘
 end
 from hr.employees
 
 select * from sales.orders
 where orderdate>‘20080301‘
 
 select * from sales.orders
 where orderdate>cast(‘20080301‘ as datetime)
 
 select datepart(year,getdate()) as N‘年份‘,
        datepart(month,getdate()) as N‘月份‘,
        datepart(day,getdate()) as N‘日‘,
        datepart(hour,getdate()) as N‘时‘,
        datepart(minute,getdate()) as N‘分‘,
        datepart(second,getdate()) as N‘秒‘

  select datepart(dayofyear,getdate()) as N‘一年中的第几天‘,
        datepart(weekday,getdate()) as N‘一星期中第几天‘,
        datepart(week,getdate()) as N‘今年的第几周‘
 
 select dateadd(day,20,getdate()) as N‘20天后的是什么日子‘,
        datediff(year,‘19491001‘,getdate()) as N‘祖国成立这么多年啦‘,
        datediff(year,‘19911002‘,getdate()) as N‘屌丝多大啦‘
        
        
 select convert(nvarchar,getdate(),112) as N‘转化后的形式‘,
       left( convert(nvarchar,getdate(),112),6) as N‘取出年月‘
       
       
       
 select orderid,custid,empid from sales.orders
 
 
 select * from hr.employees;
 select * from sales.shippers;
 
 select a.*,b.*
 from hr.employees a cross join sales.shippers b;
 
 select * from production.categories 
 select * from production.products 
 
 select a.categoryid,a.categoryname,b.productid,b.productname
 from production.categories a inner join production.products b
 on a.categoryid=b.categoryid;
 
 select * from sales.customers
 select * from sales.orders
 
 select  a.custid,b.custid,a.contactname,a.fax,
        count(b.orderid) as N‘顾客订单数量‘
 from sales.orders b right join sales.customers a 
 on a.custid=b.custid 
 group by a.custid ,a.fax,a.contactname,b.custid 
 order by count(b.custid);
 
 select distinct orderdate,count(*) as N‘每日订单量‘ from sales.orders
 where orderdate between ‘20080101‘ and ‘20081231‘
 group by orderdate
 
 create table nums
 (
   n int
 );
 
 select * from nums;
 
 
 declare @i int;
 set @i=0;
 while @i<400
 begin
 set @i=@i+1;
 insert into nums(n) values(@i);
 end
 
 
 select dateadd(day,f.n,‘20071231‘),count(orderid) as N‘每日订单数量‘
 from nums f  left join sales.orders m on
  dateadd(day,f.n,‘20071231‘)= m.orderdate
  group by dateadd(day,f.n,‘20071231‘)
  order by dateadd(day,f.n,‘20071231‘)
  
  select birthdate,lastname
  from hr.employees
  where birthdate=
  (
      select max(birthdate) 
      from hr.employees
  )
  
  select * from Sales.OrderValues
  
  select custid,contactname,country
  from sales.customers where custid=
  (
              select custid from Sales.OrderValues
              where val=
            (
              select max(val) as N‘最贵订单‘
               from Sales.OrderValues
             )
  )
  
  select * from sales.customers
  
  
  SELECT distinct country from  sales.customers
  where country not in
  (
  select  country from production.suppliers
  )
  
  select custid, count(*) as N‘订单数量‘ from sales.orders
  group by custid order by custid
  
  
  select distinct custid,count(*)  over (partition by custid) as N‘订单数量‘
  from sales.orders
  
  select n.custid,n.contactname,
  (
  select count(*) 
  from sales.orders m 
  where m.custid=n.custid
  ) as N‘订单数量‘
  from sales.customers n
  
  select distinct m.country from sales.customers m
  where  not exists 
  (
      select n.country from production.suppliers n
      where   n.country= m.country 
  )
  
  
  select distinct  
  (
     select max(custid) from 
     sales.orders m where m.custid< n.custid
  ) as N‘前一个订单‘,n.custid as N‘当前订单‘,
    (
     select min(custid) from 
     sales.orders p where p.custid> n.custid
  ) as N‘后一个订单‘
  from sales.orders n
  
select n.orderyear,
(
   select sum(qty)
   from  Sales.OrderTotalsByYear  m
   where m.orderyear<=n.orderyear
) as N‘累计订单数量‘
 from  Sales.OrderTotalsByYear n
 order by n.orderyear;
 
 
 SELECT * FROM
 (
 SELECT custid,COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY country)
 FROM Sales.Customers
 ) t(custid,顾客数量)
 
 
 DECLARE @country NVARCHAR(300);
 SET @country=‘UK‘;
 WITH USE_Customers(公司名,国家名)
 AS
 (
   SELECT companyname ,country 
   FROM Sales.Customers 
   WHERE country=@country
 )
 
 SELECT * FROM USE_Customers
 
 
 SELECT YEAR(orderdate) AS N‘年度‘,custid,COUNT(*) AS N‘订单数量‘
 FROM Sales.Orders 
 GROUP BY YEAR(orderdate),custid
 HAVING COUNT(*) >10;
 
 --(1)
 SELECT  YEAR(orderdate) AS orderyear,custid
 FROM Sales.Orders
 
 --(2)
 SELECT orderyear,custid,COUNT(*) AS N‘订单数量‘
 FROM
 (
     SELECT  YEAR(orderdate) AS orderyear,custid 
     FROM Sales.Orders
 ) AS t1
 GROUP BY orderyear,custid
 
 
 --(3)
 SELECT orderyear,custid,ordercount
 FROM
 (
 SELECT orderyear,custid,COUNT(*) AS  ordercount
 FROM
         (
             SELECT  YEAR(orderdate) AS orderyear,custid 
             FROM Sales.Orders
         ) AS t1
         GROUP BY orderyear,custid
 ) AS t2
 WHERE ordercount >10
 
 
 WITH yearorder01
 AS
 (
       SELECT YEAR(orderdate) AS orderyear,custid
       FROM Sales.Orders
 ),
 yearorder02
 AS 
 (
         SELECT orderyear,custid,COUNT(*) AS ordercount
         FROM yearorder01
         GROUP BY orderyear,custid
 ),
 yearorder03
 AS
 (
        SELECT orderyear,custid,ordercount
        FROM yearorder02
        WHERE  ordercount>10
 )
 
 
 SELECT * FROM yearorder03
 
 
 SELECT pre_orderyear,now_orderyear,pre_custcount,now_custcount,
       (now_custcount-pre_custcount) AS N‘顾客数量差‘
 FROM 
 (
 SELECT YEAR(orderdate) AS now_orderyear,COUNT(DISTINCT custid) AS now_custcount 
 FROM Sales.Orders
 GROUP BY YEAR(orderdate)
 ) AS t1
 LEFT JOIN 
 (
  SELECT YEAR(orderdate) AS pre_orderyear,COUNT(DISTINCT custid) AS  pre_custcount
 FROM Sales.Orders
 GROUP BY YEAR(orderdate)
 ) AS t2
 ON t1.now_orderyear=t2.pre_orderyear+1;
 
 WITH custcount
 AS
 (
 SELECT YEAR(orderdate) AS orderyear,COUNT(DISTINCT custid) AS  custcount
 FROM Sales.Orders
 GROUP BY YEAR(orderdate)
 )
 
 SELECT t1.orderyear AS nowYear,t2.orderyear AS preYear,t1.custcount AS nowcount,t2.custcount AS precount,
       (t1.custcount-t2.custcount) AS N‘顾客数量差‘
 FROM custcount t1
 LEFT JOIN  custcount t2
 ON t1.orderyear=t2.orderyear+1;
 
 
 SELECT t1.empid,t1.mgrid,t1.lastname,t2.empid,t2.lastname
 FROM HR.Employees t1 LEFT JOIN hr.Employees t2 
 ON t1.mgrid =t2.empid
 
 

 SELECT * FROM HR.Employees
 WHERE mgrid in
 (SELECT empid FROM 
 hr.Employees WHERE mgrid=2
 ) 

DECLARE @mgrid INT;
SET @mgrid=2;
WITH Emplist
AS
(
    --此处为起点，执行一次
    SELECT empid,lastname,mgrid
    FROM HR.Employees
    WHERE mgrid=@mgrid
    UNION ALL
    
    --递归开始
    
    SELECT e.empid,e.lastname,e.mgrid
    FROM HR.Employees e INNER JOIN Emplist m
    ON e.mgrid=m.empid 
    
)

SELECT * FROM Emplist



CREATE VIEW USA_cusomers
AS 
(
   SELECT * FROM 
   sales.customers
   WHERE country=‘USA‘
)

SELECT custid,country FROM dbo.USA_cusomers;
DROP VIEW dbo.USA_cusomers;


SELECT country
FROM Sales.Customers
UNION 
SELECT country
FROM hr.Employees;

SELECT country
FROM Sales.Customers
intersect 
SELECT country
FROM hr.Employees;


SELECT country
FROM Sales.Customers
EXCEPT 
SELECT country
FROM hr.Employees;


IF OBJECT_ID(‘dbo.orders‘,‘U‘) IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.orders;
CREATE TABLE dbo.orders
(
   orderid int NOT NULL  PRIMARY KEY,
   empid int NOT NULL,
   custid int NOT NULL,
   orderdate datetime,
   qty int 
);

INSERT INTO dbo.orders(orderid,empid,custid,orderdate,qty)
VALUES (30001,3,1,‘20070802‘,10),
       (30002,2,4,‘20070601‘,20),
        (10001,4,5,‘20070802‘,30),
        (20001,5,2,‘20070802‘,40),
        (40001,3,2,‘20070802‘,50),
        (30006,5,6,‘20070802‘,50),
        (30008,4,8,‘20070802‘,60),
        (60001,6,1,‘20070802‘,70)

SELECT * FROM dbo.orders

SELECT empid,SUM(qty) AS N‘顾客消费金额‘
FROM dbo.orders
GROUP BY empid;

SELECT empid,
SUM(CASE when empid=2 THEN qty end) AS N‘2号顾客消费金额‘,
SUM(CASE when empid=3THEN qty end) AS N‘3号顾客消费金额‘,
SUM(CASE when empid=4 THEN qty end) AS N‘4号顾客消费金额‘,
SUM(CASE when empid=5 THEN qty end) AS N‘5号顾客消费金额‘,
SUM(CASE when empid=6 THEN qty end) AS N‘6号顾客消费金额‘
FROM dbo.orders
GROUP BY empid;


SELECT empid,[1],[2],[4],[6],[8]
FROM 
(  
    --只返回pivot中用到的列
   SELECT empid,qty,custid
   FROM dbo.orders
) AS t
PIVOT (
     SUM(t.qty) FOR t.custid IN ([1],[2],[4],[6],[8])--做列名称
) AS P



USE TSQLFundamentals2008;

SELECT * FROM sales.Shippers

INSERT INTO Sales.Shippers
        ( companyname, phone )
VALUES  ( N‘顺风‘, -- companyname - nvarchar(40)
          N‘0277665555‘  -- phone - nvarchar(24)
          ),
          (N‘申通‘,
           N‘027888223‘),
           (
           N‘中通‘,
           N‘0274433332‘
           )
          
          
          DELETE FROM Sales.Shippers WHERE shipperid=6
          
       SELECT * FROM sales.Shippers   
       
       
       BEGIN TRANSACTION;
       
        DELETE FROM Sales.Shippers WHERE shipperid=4;
        DELETE FROM Sales.Shippers WHERE shipperid=5;
        
        COMMIT;
        
        
        
       BEGIN TRANSACTION;
       
        UPDATE  Sales.Shippers SET companyname=‘abc‘ WHERE shipperid=1;
        UPDATE  Sales.Shippers SET companyname=‘XYZ‘ WHERE shipperid=2;
        
        COMMIT;
         KILL 53

USE TSQLFundamentals2008;

BEGIN TRANSACTION;

UPDATE Production.Products 
SET unitprice=unitprice+1
WHERE productid=2;



--TSQL编程
--定义变量
DECLARE  @s INT;
SET @s=10;
PRINT @s;


DECLARE @str NVARCHAR;
SET @str =‘Hello World‘;
PRINT @str;

DECLARE @m NVARCHAR(100);
SELECT @m=99;
PRINT @m;

DECLARE @sum INT;
SELECT @sum=COUNT(*) FROM Sales.Customers;
PRINT @sum;



DECLARE @mi DATETIME;
SET @mi=DATEPART(MINUTE,GETDATE());
IF(@mi>10)
PRINT ‘该睡觉了！‘;
ELSE
PRINT ‘继续学习！‘

DECLARE @sumadd int;
DECLARE @k INT;
SET @k=0;
SET @sumadd=0;
WHILE @k<100
BEGIN
     SET @K=@K+1;
     SET @sumadd=@sumadd+@k;
END
PRINT @sumadd;


SELECT  companyname
FROM  Sales.Customers;

DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(100);
SELECT @name=companyname
FROM Sales.Customers;
PRINT @name;


--1.声明游标,基于查询
DECLARE c CURSOR
FOR
SELECT companyname
FROM Sales.Customers;

DECLARE @name NVARCHAR(100);

--2.在使用时候,必须打开游标
OPEN c;

--3.从游标中读取数据,每次可以读取出来一条数据
FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO @name;

--4.注意fetch,并不一定能获得实际的数据
WHILE  @@fetch_status=0
BEGIN
PRINT @name;
FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO @name;

END;

--5.游标使用完成以后,一定要关闭
CLOSE c;

--6.释放游标
DEALLOCATE c;

--存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE ModifyPrice
(
  @num money
  
)
AS
UPDATE Production.Products
SET unitprice=unitprice+@num;


CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomersCount
(
 @count int OUTPUT 
)
AS
DECLARE  @num INT;
SELECT        @num=COUNT(*) FROM Sales.Customers;

--传出

SET @count=@num;
go

--必须使用变量来保存传出的参数
DECLARE @myCount int;

--前面是参数中定义的传出参数
--后面是我们定义的用来保存输出结果的变量

EXEC GetCustomersCount @count=@myCount OUTPUT;

PRINT @myCount;              



--创建用户
CREATE PROCEDURE CreateUser
(
   @username nvarchar(100)
)           
AS
DECLARE @namelen INT;
SET @namelen=LEN(@username);

IF    @namelen>5
RETURN 0
ELSE
RETURN 1 ;

GO
--定义变量保存结果

DECLARE @ReturnValue INT;
EXEC  @ReturnValue=dbo.CreateUser @username = N‘liupeng‘  -- nvarchar(100)
PRINT @ReturnValue;

--创建函数
CREATE FUNCTION Getminnutes
(
 @datevalue datetime  --传入参数
)
--函数可以直接返回一个值
RETURNS int
AS
begin
 --函数体
 DECLARE @mi INT;
 SET @mi=DATEPART(MINUTE,@datevalue);
 RETURN @mi;
 END;

SELECT dbo.Getminnutes(GETDATE())


--创建数据库testDB
if DB_ID(‘testDB‘) is not NULL
DROP DATABASE testDB;
CREATE DATABASE testDB ;
go
IF OBJECT_ID(‘testTable‘) IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE testTable;
CREATE TABLE testTable
(
id INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
userName NVARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
userPWD  NVARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
userPhone NVARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
)

go 


 --插入数据 
 set identity_insert testTable on  --设置为on时，可以向标识列中插入
 declare @count int 
 set @count=1 
 while @count<=322446 
 begin  
    insert into testTable(id,userName,userPWD,userPhone) values(@count,‘liupeng‘,‘liupeng_IT‘,‘@liupengwuhan@gmail.com‘) 
     set @count=@count+1 
end 
set identity_insert testTable off


SELECT * FROM testTable


 create procedure proc_pagedFenye_with_selectMax  --利用select top and select max(列) 
 ( 
     @pageIndex int,  --页索引 
     @pageSize int    --页记录数 
 ) 
 as 
 begin 
 set nocount on; 
     declare @timediff datetime 
   declare @sql nvarchar(500) 
    select @timediff=Getdate() 
    set @sql=‘select top ‘+str(@pageSize)+‘ * From testTable where(ID>(select max(id) From (select top ‘+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+‘ id From testTable order by ID) as TempTable)) order by ID‘ 
   execute(@sql) 
   select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 查询时间
set nocount off; 
END

EXEC proc_pagedFenye_with_selectMax 10,10



create procedure proc_pagedFenye_with_notin  --利用select top and select not in 
(     
     @pageIndex int,  --页索引 
     @pageSize int    --每页记录数 
) 
 as 
 begin 
    set nocount on; 
    declare @timediff datetime --耗时 
    declare @sql nvarchar(500) 
    select @timediff=Getdate() 
    set @sql=‘select top ‘+str(@pageSize)+‘ * from testTable where(ID not in(select top ‘+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+‘ id from testTable order by ID ASC)) order by ID‘     execute(@sql)  --因select top后不支技直接接参数，所以写成了字符串@sql 
    select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 查询时间 
    set nocount off; 
END

EXEC proc_pagedFenye_with_notin 10,10


create procedure proc_pagedFenye_with_Rownumber  --利用SQL 2005中的Row_number() 
 ( 
    @pageIndex int, 
    @pageSize int 
 ) 
 as 
 begin 
 set nocount on;
    declare @timediff DATETIME;  
    select @timediff=getdate() 
    select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>@pageSize*(@pageIndex) and IDRank<@pageSize*(@pageIndex+1) 
    select 3 as 查询时间 
set nocount off; 
END


EXEC proc_pagedFenye_with_Rownumber 10,10


select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>10*(10-1) and IDRank<10*(10+1) 

SELECT* FROM testTable


USE TSQLFundamentals2008;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
SELECT TOP 5  *  FROM Sales.Customers



--触发器
USE TSQLFundamentals2008;
 IF OBJECT_ID(‘shipper_log‘) IS NOT NULL
 DROP TABLE shipper_log;
 CREATE TABLE shiiper_log
 (
 logId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
 opdate  datetime DEFAULT GETDATE(),
 opuser nvarchar(200),
 op nvarchar(200),
 shipname nvarchar(200),
 shipphone nvarchar(200)
 )
 
CREATE TRIGGER tg_ship
ON  sales.shippers AFTER INSERT ,DELETE,UPDATE
as 
INSERT INTO dbo.shiiper_log
        ( opdate ,
          opuser ,
          op ,
          shipname ,
          shipphone
        )
SELECT GETDATE() , -- opdate - datetime
          CURRENT_USER , -- opuser - nvarchar(200)
          N‘插入‘ , -- op - nvarchar(200)
          companyname, -- shipname - nvarchar(200)
         phone  -- shipphone - nvarchar(200)
        FROM INSERTED;


SELECT * FROM dbo.shiiper_log;


INSERT INTO Sales.Shippers
        ( companyname, phone )
VALUES  ( N‘Isoftstone‘, -- companyname - nvarchar(40)
          N‘15377541070‘  -- phone - nvarchar(24)
          )
          
          --整个系统范围内    
          SELECT @@IDENTITY;
          
          --当前作用域内最新的标识值
          SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY();
          
          select  * FROM Sales.Shippers;