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js是门灵活的语言,实现一种功能往往有多种做法,ECMAScript没有明确的继承机制,而是通过模仿实现的,根据js语言的本身的特性,js实现继承有以下通用的几种方式
1.使用对象冒充实现继承(该种实现方式可以实现多继承)
实现原理:让父类的构造函数成为子类的方法,然后调用该子类的方法,通过this关键字给所有的属性和方法赋值
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function Parent(firstname)
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{
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this.fname=firstname;
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this.age=40;
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this.sayAge=function()
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{
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console.log(this.age);
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}
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}
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function Child(firstname)
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{
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this.parent=Parent;
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this.parent(firstname);
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delete this.parent;
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this.saySomeThing=function()
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{
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console.log(this.fname);
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this.sayAge();
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}
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}
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var mychild=new Child("李");
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mychild.saySomeThing();
2.采用call方法改变函数上下文实现继承(该种方式不能继承原型链,若想继承原型链,则采用5混合模式)
实现原理:改变函数内部的函数上下文this,使它指向传入函数的具体对象
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function Parent(firstname)
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{
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this.fname=firstname;
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this.age=40;
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this.sayAge=function()
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{
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console.log(this.age);
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}
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}
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function Child(firstname)
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{
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this.saySomeThing=function()
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{
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console.log(this.fname);
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this.sayAge();
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}
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this.getName=function()
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{
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return firstname;
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}
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}
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var child=new Child("张");
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Parent.call(child,child.getName());
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child.saySomeThing();
3.采用Apply方法改变函数上下文实现继承(该种方式不能继承原型链,若想继承原型链,则采用5混合模式)
实现原理:改变函数内部的函数上下文this,使它指向传入函数的具体对象
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function Parent(firstname)
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{
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this.fname=firstname;
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this.age=40;
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this.sayAge=function()
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{
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console.log(this.age);
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}
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}
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function Child(firstname)
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{
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this.saySomeThing=function()
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{
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console.log(this.fname);
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this.sayAge();
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}
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this.getName=function()
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{
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return firstname;
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}
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}
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var child=new Child("张");
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Parent.apply(child,[child.getName()]);
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child.saySomeThing();
4.采用原型链的方式实现继承
实现原理:使子类原型对象指向父类的实例以实现继承,即重写类的原型,弊端是不能直接实现多继承
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function Parent()
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{
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this.sayAge=function()
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{
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console.log(this.age);
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}
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}
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function Child(firstname)
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{
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this.fname=firstname;
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this.age=40;
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this.saySomeThing=function()
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{
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console.log(this.fname);
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this.sayAge();
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}
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}
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Child.prototype=new Parent();
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var child=new Child("张");
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child.saySomeThing();
5.采用混合模式实现继承
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function Parent()
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{
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this.sayAge=function()
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{
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console.log(this.age);
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}
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}
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Parent.prototype.sayParent=function()
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{
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alert("this is parentmethod!!!");
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}
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function Child(firstname)
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{
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Parent.call(this);
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this.fname=firstname;
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this.age=40;
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this.saySomeThing=function()
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{
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console.log(this.fname);
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this.sayAge();
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}
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}
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Child.prototype=new Parent();
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var child=new Child("张");
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child.saySomeThing();
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child.sayParent();
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js面试题--js的继承
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u012763269/article/details/46911107