Oracle 11g R2之Dataguard搭建物理standby

数据库版本：11.2.0.4
服务器版本：RedHat6.4
主库Primary：安装数据库软件及实例
备库Standby: 仅安装数据库软件

一、搭设前主备库环境：
主库Primary:

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$CLASSPATH

备库Standby：

[oracle@dg ~]$ cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH


export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=dg
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=dg
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=dg
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$CLASSPATH

二、搭设Dataguard
主库Primary操作:

--检查数据库是否支持Dataguard
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Jul 23 10:02:01 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from v$option where parameter = ‘Managed Standby‘;

PARAMETER
----------------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------
Managed Standby
TRUE

--检查主库是否开启归档模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/archive/orcl
Oldest online log sequence     23
Next log sequence to archive   25
Current log sequence           25

--如未开启执行下列操作
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

--将数据库设为强制日志模式
SQL> alter database force logging;

--创建数据库密码文件(如果没有)
[oracle@oracle /]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle force=y ignorecase=y entries=5

--创建主库归档目录
[oracle@oracle /]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracle u01]$ mkdir archive
[oracle@oracle u01]$ cd archive
[oracle@oracle archive]$ mkdir orcl

--备份数据库初始化参数文件
SQL> create pfile=‘/home/oracle/pfile.ora‘ from spfile;

--创建pfile文件，该文件方便修改初始化参数
SQL> create pfile from spfile;

--打开pfile文件，添加如下内容
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dg)‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘LOCATION=/u01/archive/orcl VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=‘SERVICE=dg ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

FAL_SERVER=dg
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/‘,‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/‘
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/archive/dg‘,‘/u01/archive/orcl‘
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

--关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate

--通过pfile创建spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

--打开数据库
SQL> startup

--备份主库Primary数据库文件
--关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate  

--停止监听
[oracle@oracle /]$ lsnrctl stop

--启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> startup mount

--创建备份目录
[oracle@oracle /]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracle u01]$ mkdir backup

--rman备份
[oracle@oracle /]$ rman target /
RMAN> backup full database format ‘/u01/backup/backup_%t_%s_%p.bak‘;

--在主库上建立备库的控制文件(2份)
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/u01/backup/stdby_control01.ctl‘;
[oracle@oracle /]$ cd /u01/backup/
[oracle@oracle backup]$ cp stdby_control01.ctl stdby_control02.ctl

备库Standby操作：

--创建必要的目录
cd /u01
mkdir archive
cd archive
mkdir dg
cd /u01/oracle
mkdir admin
cd admin
mkdir dg
cd dg
mkdir adump
cd /u01/oracle/oradata
mkdir dg
cd /u01/oracle
mkdir fast_recovery_area
cd fast_recovery_area
mkdir dg
cd /u01
mkdir backup

--通过scp将主库中的备份文件传到备库上
[oracle@oracle backup]$ cd /u01/backup
[oracle@oracle backup]$ scp backup*.bak 192.168.8.223:/u01/backup
[oracle@oracle backup]$ scp stdby_control*.ctl 192.168.8.223:/u01/oracle/oradata/
[oracle@oracle backup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora 192.168.8.223:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
传输好后，将控制文件放到初始化参数中设置的目录即可

--为备库standby创建密码文件：
[oracle@dg ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle force=y ignorecase=y entries

--修改备库初始化参数文件(主库初始化参数文件为initorcl.ora需修改成initdg.ora)，
将初始化文件中添加如下内容(主库中类似的内容删除或进行修改)：
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dg)‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘LOCATION=/u01/archive/dg VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=‘SERVICE=orcl ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl‘
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

FAL_SERVER=orcl
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/‘,‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/‘
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/u01/archive/orcl‘,‘/u01/archive/dg‘
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

--通过pfile创建spfile文件
[oracle@dg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

--启动物理备库standby
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database;

--备库standby做rman恢复
[oracle@dg ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> restore database;

配置主备库文件(备库没有可以从主库scp过来进行修改)，下面仅贴出主备库相关文件内容

--主库Primary的listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle

--备库standby的listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle

--主库Primary的tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

DG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.223)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg)
    )
  )

--备库standby的tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.205)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

--完成后重启listener
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

--tnsping主备库
tnsping orcl
tnsping dg

--tnsping时可能会有linux防火墙限制，禁用防火墙命令
service iptables stop

配置standby redolog（如果数据库是最佳性能模式可以忽略，如果以后变成备库且要转为其它两种模式则要建立）

--主库Primary上建立：
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 
     group 4 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo04.log‘) size 50m,
     group 5 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo05.log‘) size 50m,
     group 6 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo06.log‘) size 50m,
     group 7 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdby_redo07.log‘) size 50m;

--备库standby上建立
SQL> alter database add standby logfile 
     group 4 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/stdby_redo04.log‘) size 50m,
     group 5 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/stdby_redo05.log‘) size 50m,
     group 6 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/stdby_redo06.log‘) size 50m,
     group 7 (‘/u01/oracle/oradata/dg/stdby_redo07.log‘) size 50m;

--在备库standby上启动redo apply
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

到此物理standby创建完毕！

一些常用命令(整理中)

select switchover_status from v$database;

startup nomount
alter database mount standby database;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

--从正在恢复状态只读打开
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open read only;