前段时间因为某些需求，需要频繁的克隆MySQL的某些数据库或者某几个表。手动导出导入操作了几次，感觉甚是繁琐，而且效率不高，出错几率过大。索性抽时间用Python开发了一个MySQL的clone工具，用了一段时间，将数据库或者表克隆到同一台服务器的话(即源数据库与目标数据库在同一主机上)，百万条数据也就是几十秒的时间搞定。该工具也支持将本地数据库或者表克隆到远程主机上。
程序比较简单，就一个Python文件,原理就是主要使用了MySQL的LOAD DATA INFILE命令。先来看下工具帮助信息：
[root@iZ2876x9bezZ ~]# python mysqlclone.py --help usage: mysqlclone.py [-h] [--sourceHost SOURCEHOST] [--sourcePort SOURCEPORT] [--sourcePasswd SOURCEPASSWD] [--sourceUser SOURCEUSER] [--sourceDb SOURCEDB] [--dstDb DSTDB] [--sourceTable SOURCETABLE] [--dstHost DSTHOST] [--dstPort DSTPORT] [--dstPasswd DSTPASSWD] [--dstUser DSTUSER] [--no-data] [--lock-all-tables] [--events] [--routines] [--triggers] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --sourceHost SOURCEHOST The source database host,default[localhost] --sourcePort SOURCEPORT The source database port,defalut[3306] --sourcePasswd SOURCEPASSWD The source databas passwd,default[NULL] --sourceUser SOURCEUSER The source databas username,default[root] --sourceDb SOURCEDB The source databas name --dstDb DSTDB The dst databas name --sourceTable SOURCETABLE The source table,default[None] --dstHost DSTHOST The dst database host,default[localhost] --dstPort DSTPORT The dst database port,defalut[3306] --dstPasswd DSTPASSWD The dst databas passwd,default[NULL] --dstUser DSTUSER The dst databas username,default[root] --no-data, -d No row information;False is default --lock-all-tables, -X Locks all tables,default[False:Lock the table to be read] --events, -E Clone events,default[False] --routines, -R Clone stored routines (functions and procedures),default[False] --triggers Clone triggers for each dumped table,default[False]
简单介绍下几个选项参数：
--sourceHost 指定源数据库主机的IP或者主机名 --sourcePasswd 源数据库主机的密码 --sourceUser 源数据库主机的用户名 --sourceDb 指定要克隆的源数据库 --sourceTable 指定要克隆的源数据表，该值可以不指定，若不指定的话则为克隆上边指定数据库里的所有表 --dstHost 目标数据库主机IP或者主机名 --dstPasswd 目标数据库密码 --dstUser 目标数据库用户名 --no-data|-d 指定该参数时，只克隆表结构信息，不克隆数据。 --lock-all-tables|-X 指定该参数时，表示将整个数据库的所有表都加上读所。默认情况下只是给单个表加读所。 --events|-E 克隆events --routines|-R 克隆function和procedure --triggers 克隆triggers
示例，将test数据库整个clone到test3库中，test3库为提前创建好的一个空库。
[root@iZ2876x9bezZ ~]# python mysqlclone.py --sourceHost 127.0.0.1 --sourceUser root --sourcePasswd xxx --dstHost 127.0.0.1 --dstUser root --dstPasswd xxx --sourceDb test --dstDb test3 --no-data -E -R -X [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - Start clone database [127.0.0.1:test] To [127.0.0.1:test3] [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_information_information] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_information_reply] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_item_item] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_consignee_address] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_member] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_region] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_region_district] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_region_district_exist] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_session] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_member_usergroup] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_adminsession] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_member] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_memberfield] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_seccode] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_session] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_passport_usergroup] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_data] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_field] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_file] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_global] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_module] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_system_schedule] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_trade_cart] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_trade_order] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_trade_order_detail] was transferred. [2015-07-10 11:44:44] INFO: - table [pcore_trade_order_return_goods] was transferred.
脚本代码：
#!/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import MySQLdb,datetime,sys,time,os,argparse
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
__author__ = "liuzhenwei"
__version__ = "1.2"
class Clone():
__metaclass__ = ABCMeta
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
self.pid = os.getpid()
self.sourceCur = kwargs[‘sourceCur‘]
self.dstCur = kwargs[‘dstCur‘]
self.noData = kwargs[‘noData‘]
self.sourceTable = kwargs[‘sourceTable‘]
self.lockAllTables = kwargs[‘lockAllTables‘]
self.sourceDb = kwargs[‘sourceDb‘]
#print kwargs
@abstractmethod
def clone(self):
pass
class MySQLClone(object):
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
self.sourceTable = kwargs[‘sourceTable‘]
self.noData = kwargs[‘noData‘]
self.lockAllTables = kwargs[‘lockAllTables‘]
self.triggers = kwargs[‘triggers‘]
self.routines = kwargs[‘routines‘]
self.events = kwargs[‘events‘]
self.sourceDb = kwargs[‘sourceDb‘]
try:
self.sourceConn=MySQLdb.connect(host=kwargs[‘sourceHost‘],user=kwargs[‘sourceUser‘],passwd=kwargs[‘sourcePasswd‘],port=kwargs[‘sourcePort‘])
self.sourceCur=self.sourceConn.cursor()
self.sourceConn.select_db(kwargs[‘sourceDb‘])
self.sourceCur.execute("SET NAMES utf8;")
#self.sourceCur.execute("SET AUTOCOMMIT=0;")
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
try:
self.dstConn=MySQLdb.connect(host=kwargs[‘dstHost‘],user=kwargs[‘dstUser‘],passwd=kwargs[‘dstPasswd‘],port=kwargs[‘dstPort‘],local_infile=1)
self.dstCur=self.dstConn.cursor()
self.dstConn.select_db(kwargs[‘dstDb‘])
self.dstCur.execute("SET NAMES utf8;")
self.dstCur.execute("SET AUTOCOMMIT=0;")
#stop bin log
self.dstCur.execute("SET sql_log_bin=0;")
#
#self.dstCur.execute("SET GLOBAL innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2;")
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
def __dstCommit(self):
self.dstConn.commit()
def __sourceColse(self):
self.sourceCur.close()
self.sourceConn.close()
def __dstColse(self):
self.dstCur.close()
self.dstConn.close()
def clone(self):
kwargs = {}
kwargs[‘sourceCur‘] = self.sourceCur
kwargs[‘dstCur‘] = self.dstCur
kwargs[‘noData‘] = self.noData
kwargs[‘sourceTable‘] = self.sourceTable
kwargs[‘lockAllTables‘] = self.lockAllTables
kwargs[‘sourceDb‘] = self.sourceDb
c = DatabaseClone(**kwargs)
c.clone()
if self.triggers:
t = TriggersClone(**kwargs)
t.clone()
if self.routines:
#print kwargs
r = RoutinesClone(**kwargs)
r.clone()
if self.events:
e = EventsClone(**kwargs)
e.clone()
def __del__(self):
self.__dstCommit()
self.__sourceColse()
self.__dstColse()
class DatabaseClone(Clone):
‘‘‘
clone database
‘‘‘
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
Clone.__init__(self,**kwargs)
def __cloneSingleTable(self,table):
#create table
count = self.sourceCur.execute(‘SHOW CREATE TABLE %s;‘ % table)
results=self.sourceCur.fetchone()
try:
self.dstCur.execute(results[1])
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
return False
else:
if self.noData:
PrintInfo.say(‘table‘,table)
#load data
if not self.noData:
tmpFile = ‘/tmp/‘+table+‘_‘+str(self.pid)
try:
outFileSQL = "SELECT * INTO OUTFILE ‘%s‘ FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,‘ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘\"‘ LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n‘ FROM %s;" % (tmpFile,table)
count = self.sourceCur.execute(outFileSQL)
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
self.__loadData(tmpFile,table)
if not self.lockAllTables:
self.sourceCur.execute("COMMIT;")
self.sourceCur.execute("UNLOCK TABLES;")
def __loadData(self,dataFile,table):
try:
intoFileSQL = "LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE ‘%s‘ INTO TABLE %s CHARACTER SET utf8 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,‘ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘\"‘ LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n‘;" % (dataFile,table)
self.dstCur.execute(intoFileSQL)
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
os.remove(dataFile)
PrintInfo.say(‘table‘,table)
def clone(self):
tableList = []
if self.sourceTable:
tableList.append(self.sourceTable)
else:
count = self.sourceCur.execute(‘SHOW TABLES;‘)
results=self.sourceCur.fetchall()
for table in results:
tableList.append(table[0])
#lock all tables
if self.lockAllTables:
lockSQL = "LOCK TABLES %s;" % ‘,‘.join([t+‘ READ‘ for t in tableList])
self.sourceCur.execute(lockSQL)
for t in tableList:
#lock single table
if not self.lockAllTables:
self.sourceCur.execute("LOCK TABLES %s READ;"% t)
self.__cloneSingleTable(t)
if self.lockAllTables:
self.sourceCur.execute("COMMIT;")
self.sourceCur.execute("UNLOCK TABLES;")
class EventsClone(Clone):
‘‘‘
clone events
‘‘‘
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
Clone.__init__(self,**kwargs)
def clone(self):
for event in self.__getEventList():
self.__cloneEvent(event)
def __getEventList(self):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW EVENTS;")
results=self.sourceCur.fetchall()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
for event in results:
yield event[1]
def __cloneEvent(self,event):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW CREATE EVENT %s;" % event)
results=self.sourceCur.fetchone()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
try:
self.dstCur.execute(results[3])
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
PrintInfo.say(‘event‘,event)
class TriggersClone(Clone):
‘‘‘
clone triggers
‘‘‘
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
pass
def clone(self):
print "clone triggers"
class RoutinesClone(Clone):
‘‘‘
clone routines (functions and procedures).
‘‘‘
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
Clone.__init__(self,**kwargs)
def clone(self):
for proc in self.__getProcList():
self.__cloneProc(proc)
for func in self.__getFunctionList():
self.__cloneFunc(func)
def __getProcList(self):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db=‘%s‘;" % (self.sourceDb))
results=self.sourceCur.fetchall()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
for proc in results:
yield proc[1]
def __cloneProc(self,proc):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE %s;" % proc)
results=self.sourceCur.fetchone()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
try:
self.dstCur.execute(results[2])
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
PrintInfo.say(‘procedure‘,proc)
def __getFunctionList(self):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db=‘%s‘;" % (self.sourceDb))
results=self.sourceCur.fetchall()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
for func in results:
yield func[1]
def __cloneFunc(self,func):
try:
count = self.sourceCur.execute("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION %s;" % func)
results=self.sourceCur.fetchone()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
try:
self.dstCur.execute(results[2])
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print >> sys.stderr,"Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
else:
PrintInfo.say(‘function‘,func)
class PrintInfo(object):
‘‘‘
print info
‘‘‘
@staticmethod
def say(item,name):
‘‘‘
print info
‘‘‘
curTime = time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime(time.time()))
print >> sys.stdout,"[%s] INFO: - %s [%s] was transferred." % (curTime,item,name)
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(‘--sourceHost‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourceHost‘,default=‘localhost‘,help=‘The source database host,default[localhost]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--sourcePort‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourcePort‘,default=3306,help=‘The source database port,defalut[3306]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--sourcePasswd‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourcePasswd‘,default="",help=‘The source databas passwd,default[NULL]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--sourceUser‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourceUser‘,default=‘root‘,help=‘The source databas username,default[root]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--sourceDb‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourceDb‘,default=None,help=‘The source databas name‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--dstDb‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘dstDb‘,default=None,help=‘The dst databas name‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--sourceTable‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘sourceTable‘,default=None,help=‘The source table,default[None]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--dstHost‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘dstHost‘,default=‘localhost‘,help=‘The dst database host,default[localhost]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--dstPort‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘dstPort‘,default=3306,help=‘The dst database port,defalut[3306]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--dstPasswd‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘dstPasswd‘,default="",help=‘The dst databas passwd,default[NULL]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--dstUser‘,action=‘store‘,dest=‘dstUser‘,default=‘root‘,help=‘The dst databas username,default[root]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--no-data‘,‘-d‘,action=‘store_true‘,dest=‘noData‘,help=‘No row information;False is default‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--lock-all-tables‘,‘-X‘,action=‘store_true‘,dest=‘lockAllTables‘,help=‘Locks all tables,default[False:Lock the table to be read]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--events‘,‘-E‘,action=‘store_true‘,dest=‘events‘,help=‘Clone events,default[False]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--routines‘,‘-R‘,action=‘store_true‘,dest=‘routines‘,help=‘Clone stored routines (functions and procedures),default[False]‘)
parser.add_argument(‘--triggers‘,action=‘store_true‘,dest=‘triggers‘,help=‘Clone triggers for each dumped table,default[False]‘)
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.sourceDb is None:
print >> sys.stderr,"ERROR: parameter --sourceDb cant not be NULL"
sys.exit(1)
if args.dstDb is None:
print >> sys.stderr,"ERROR: parameter --dstDb cant not be NULL"
sys.exit(1)
conInfo = {
"sourceHost":args.sourceHost,
"sourceUser":args.sourceUser,
"sourcePasswd":args.sourcePasswd,
"sourceDb":args.sourceDb,
"sourceTable":args.sourceTable,
"noData":args.noData,
"dstHost":args.dstHost,
"dstUser":args.dstUser,
"dstPasswd":args.dstPasswd,
"dstDb":args.dstDb,
"sourcePort":args.sourcePort,
"dstPort":args.dstPort,
"lockAllTables":args.lockAllTables,
"events":args.events,
"routines":args.routines,
"triggers":args.triggers
}
print >> sys.stdout,"[%s] INFO: - Start clone database [%s:%s] To [%s:%s]" %(time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘,time.localtime(time.time())),conInfo[‘sourceHost‘],conInfo[‘sourceDb‘],conInfo[‘dstHost‘],conInfo[‘dstDb‘])
m = MySQLClone(**conInfo)
m.clone()由于时间问题，克隆triggers的功能还没有完成，而且当数据量过大的时候，最好是将数据分批操作，如每10万load一次，这样会得到更好的性能，该程序会持续更新下。
也可以直接从github下载程序源码:https://github.com/diannaowa/mysqlclone
本文出自 “diannaowa” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://diannaowa.blog.51cto.com/3219919/1677651
原文地址：http://diannaowa.blog.51cto.com/3219919/1677651
