SqlServer 与 MySQL 基本操作语句对比

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继上篇 MySQL 基本操作语句 后，个人测试和补充了 SqlServer 与 MySQL 的 基本操作语句对比，主要是对比SQL命令的一些差异，不作更多说明。

（由于mysql 没有系统学习过，欢迎大侠们拍砖~~）

 SqlServer版本：SqlServer 2008

MySQL版本： MySQL 5.5

执行符号：

MySQL ：分号‘;‘

SqlServer ：字符‘GO‘

自增列：MySQL必须要索引，不能设置增量；

默认值：MySQL默认值不用加括号；SqlServer可加或不加；

--MySQL

CREATE TABLE tabName( 

ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

Value INT DEFAULT 12

) AUTO_INCREMENT = 100 ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

--SqlServer

CREATE TABLE tabName(

ID INT IDENTITY(100,1) PRIMARY KEY,

Value INT DEFAULT(12)

)

查看表结构定义：

--SqlServer 

EXEC sp_help‘tabName‘ 

--MySQL

DESC tabName

更改表名：

--SqlServer 

EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname = N‘tabName‘, @newname = ‘newTabName‘

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName RENAME newTabName

更改字段类型：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tabName] ALTER COLUMN [ID] BIGINT

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName MODIFY ID BIGINT

更改字段名：

--SqlServer

EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname = N‘tabName.ID‘,@newname = ‘IewID‘,@objtype = ‘column‘

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName CHANGE ID IewID BIGINT

添加字段：（一样）

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tabName] ADD NAME NVARCHAR(200) NULL

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName ADD NAME NVARCHAR(200) NULL

删除字段：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tabName] DROP COLUMN NAME

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP NAME

添加主键/外键或约束：

--SqlServer

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tabName] ADD CONSTRAINT pk_tabNamePRIMARY KEY (id); 

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName ADD CONSTRAINT pk_tabNamePRIMARY KEY tabName(id);  

ALTER TABLE subTabName ADD CONSTRAINT fk_subTabName_tabNameFOREIGN KEY subTabName(fid) REFERENCES tabName(id);

删除主键/外键或约束：

--SqlServer（统一语法）

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[tabName] DROP CONSTRAINT pk_tabName

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP CONSTRAINT constaintName

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName 

ALTER TABLE subTabName DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_subTabName_tabName 

删除表：

--SqlServer

DROP TABLE tabName,TabName2;

--MySQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tabName,TabName2;

#######################################################################################

创建视图：

--MySQL

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW VtabName

AS

SELECT * FROM tabName

WITH CHECK OPTION;

--SqlServer

CREATE VIEW VtabName

AS

SELECT * FROM tabName

WITH CHECK OPTION;

视图结构和定义：

--MySQL

DESC VtabName; 

SHOW CREATE VIEW VtabName; 

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE ‘VtabName‘;

--SqlServer

sp_help VtabName

sp_helptext VtabName

删除视图：

--MySQL

DROP VIEW tabName;

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS tabName;

--SqlServer

DROP VIEW tabName;

#######################################################################################

创建索引：

--MySQL

CREATE TABLE tabName( id INT NOT NULL,KEY indName(id)) ;

ALTER TABLE tabName ADD INDEX indName(Value);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ON tabName(Value);

--SqlServer

CREATE TABLE tabName(ID INT IDENTITY(100,1) CONSTRAINT PK_tabNamePRIMARY KEY)

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indName ON tabName(Value);

重建索引：

--MySQL

REPAIR TABLE tabName QUICK;

--SqlServer

DBCC DBREINDEX(‘dbo.tabName‘,‘‘,100)

ALTER INDEX indName ON tabName REBUILD;

ALTER INDEX ALL ON tabName REORGANIZE;

删除索引：

--MySQL

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP INDEX indName;

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName;

ALTER TABLE subTabName DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_subTabName_tabName;

DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;

--SqlServer

DROP INDEX indName ON tabName;

ALTER TABLE tabName DROP CONSTRAINT PK_tabName

查看索引：

--MySQL

SHOW INDEX FROM tabName;

--SqlServer

SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(‘tabName‘)

SELECT * FROM sys.sysindexes WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(‘tabName‘)

#######################################################################################

查看存储过程/函数定义：

--MySQL

SHOW CREATE { PROCEDURE | FUNCTION } name ;  

SHOW { PROCEDURE | FUNCTION } STATUS [ LIKE ‘pattern‘]; 

SELECT * FROM information_schema.Routines WHERE ROUTINE_NAME=‘name‘; 

--SqlServer

exec sp_helpf_getdate

exec sp_helptextf_getdate

SELECT * FROM information_schema.Routines WHERE ROUTINE_NAME=‘name‘; 

存储过程：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_name(IN param1 INT,OUT param2 INT)  

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement} 

END// 

DELIMITER ; 

CALL sp_name();  

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_name;

--SqlServer

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_name(@param1 INT,@param2 INT OUTPUT)

AS

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement}

END

GO

EXEC sp_name();  

DROP PROCEDURE sp_name;

函数：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE FUNCTION fn_name() 

RETURNS Decimal(10,2) 

RETURN 3.14; 

// 

DELIMITER ; 

SELECT fn_name(); 

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS fn_name; 

--SqlServer

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_name() 

RETURNS Decimal(10,2)

AS

BEGIN

RETURN 3.14

END

GO

SELECT dbo.fn_name(); 

DROP FUNCTION dbo.fn_name;

触发器：

--MySQL

DELIMITER // 

CREATE TRIGGER tr_name 

{ AFTER | BEFORE } { INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE } 

ON tabName 

FOR EACH ROW  

BEGIN 

  {sql_statement;}

END 

DELIMITER ; 

DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tr_name; 

--SqlServer

CREATE TRIGGER dbo.tr_name

ON [dbo].[tabName]

{ FOR | AFTER | INSTEAD OF } { INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }

AS

BEGIN

  {sql_statement;}

END

GO

DROP TRIGGER dbo.tr_name

#######################################################################################

循环语句：

--MySQL（1至100之和）

WHILE 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE TESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

WHILE I <= 100 DO

SET K = I + K;

SET I = I + 1;

END WHILE;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

REPEAT UNTIL 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE TESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

REPEAT

SET K = I + K;

SET I = I + 1;

UNTIL I>100

END REPEAT;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

LOOP 循环：

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE TESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE I,K INTDEFAULT 0 ;

LABEL: LOOP

SET K = I + K;

SET I = I + 1;

IF I>100 THEN

LEAVE LABEL;

END IF;

END LOOP;

SELECT K;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

CALL TESTPRO();

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS TESTPRO;

--SqlServer

DECLARE @I INT = 1

DECLARE @K INT = 0

WHILE @I <= 100

BEGIN

    SET @K = @K + @I

    SET @I = @I + 1

END

SELECT @K

游标：

--MySQL(参数名称不能与列明一样)

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE TESTPRO()

BEGIN

DECLARE FName varchar(50);

DECLARE LName varchar(50);

DECLARE IsDone BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE;

DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT FirstName,LastName FROM Person;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET IsDone = TRUE;

OPEN cursor_name;

LABEL: LOOP

    FETCH cursor_name INTO FName,LName;

    IF IsDone THEN

    LEAVE LABEL;

    END IF;

    SELECT CONCAT(‘Contact Name:‘,FName,LName) AS Name;

END LOOP;

CLOSE cursor_name;

END;//

DELIMITER ;

--SqlServer

DECLARE @LastName varchar(50), @FirstName varchar(50);

DECLARE contact_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person

OPEN contact_cursor;

FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor INTO @LastName, @FirstName;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

BEGIN

    SELECT ‘Contact Name: ‘ + @FirstName + ‘ ‘ + @LastName

    FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor INTO @LastName, @FirstName;

END

CLOSE contact_cursor;

DEALLOCATE contact_cursor;

GO

#######################################################################################

查看账户信息：

--MySQL

select Host,User,Password from mysql.user;

show grants for ‘username‘@‘localhost‘;

--SqlServer

select * from sys.syslogins

select * from sys.sysusers where issqluser = 1

添加账户：

--MySQL(insertinto mysql.user 默认禁止,去掉my.init\sql-mode\STRICT_TRANS_TABLES)

CREATE USER ‘username‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIEDBY ‘password‘; 

INSERT INTO mysql.user(Host,User,Password) 

VALUES (‘localhost‘,‘username‘,PASSWORD(‘password‘)) ;

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GO

CREATE LOGIN [username] WITH PASSWORD=N‘password‘ ,CHECK_POLICY=OFF

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GO

CREATE USER [username] FOR LOGIN [username]

GO

更改密码：

--MySQL

mysqladmin -uusername -p123456  password 654321

set password=password("kk");

set password for ‘username‘@‘localhost‘ = password(‘123456‘);

update mysql.user set Password = PASSWORD(‘123456‘) WHERE user=‘username‘;

flush privileges;

--SqlServer

ALTER LOGIN [username] WITH PASSWORD=N‘123456‘

sp_password @new = ‘123456‘,@loginame = ‘username‘--,@old = ‘old_password‘

授权和回收权限：(SqlServer 服务器角色和数据库角色相关操作)

--MySQL

GRANT SELECT on *.* to ‘username‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘password‘;

REVOKE all privileges, grant option FROM ‘username‘@‘localhost‘;

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GRANT CONNECT SQL TO [username]

REVOKE CONNECT SQL TO [username]

EXEC master..sp_addsrvrolemember@loginame = N‘username‘, @rolename = N‘sysadmin‘

EXEC master..sp_dropsrvrolemember@loginame = N‘username‘ ,@rolename = N‘sysadmin‘ 

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT ON [dbo].[TestTab] TO [username]

REVOKE INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT ON [dbo].[TestTab] TO [username]

EXEC sp_addrolememberN‘db_owner‘, N‘username‘

EXEC sp_droprolememberN‘db_owner‘, N‘username‘

GO

删除账户：

--MySQL

DROP user ‘username‘@‘localhost‘; 

DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user=‘username‘;

--SqlServer

USE [master]

GO

DROP LOGIN [TUser]

sp_droplogin @loginame = ‘username‘

GO

USE [YourDatabase]

GO

DROP USER [TUser]

sp_dropuser @name_in_db = ‘username‘

GO

SqlServer 与 MySQL 基本操作语句对比

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原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/kk185800961/article/details/47044751