线程同步-信号量(semaphore)
在实际生活中,只要有商品,消费者就可以消费,这没问题。但生产者的生产并不是无限的,例如,仓库是有限的,原材料是有限的,生产指标受消费指标限制等等。为了进一步,解决好生产者与消费者问题,引入信号量进机制。
信号量(semaphore)是互斥量的升级版:互斥量的状态为0或1,而信号量可以为n。也就是说,使用互斥量时,最多允许一个线程进入关键区,而信号量允许多个,具体值是信号量当前的内部值。
sem_t //信号量类型 sem_init(sem_t *sem, int pshared, unsigned int value); sem_wait(sem_t *sem) sem_trywait sem_timedwait sem_post(sem_t *sem) sem_destroy重要的是理解:sem_wait和sem_post两个函数。
sem_wait(sem);当sem为零时,线程阻塞;否则,sem减一,线程不阻塞。
sem_post(sem);sem加一。
此外,使用sem_init方法,对信号量类型,初始化,第二个参数,默认是0,标明用于线程之间。第三个参数指定了初始值。
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #define NUM 5 sem_t blank_num, product_num; int i, j, k; int goods[NUM]; void *producer(void *argv) { while (1) { sem_wait(&blank_num); goods[i] = rand() % 100 + 1; printf("produce %d\n", goods[i]); sem_post(&product_num); i = (i + 1) % NUM; sleep(rand() % 2); } } void *comsumer(void *argv) { while (1) { sem_wait(&product_num); printf("comsume %d\n", goods[j]); goods[j] = 0; sem_post(&blank_num); j = (j + 1) % NUM; sleep(rand() % 2); } } int main(void) { i = j = k = 0; //初始化信号量 sem_init(&blank_num, 0, NUM); sem_init(&product_num, 0, 0); pthread_t pro, com; pthread_create(&com, NULL, producer, NULL); pthread_create(&pro, NULL, comsumer, NULL); pthread_join(com, NULL); pthread_join(pro, NULL); sem_destroy(&blank_num); sem_destroy(&product_num); return 0; }
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #define NUM 5 pthread_mutex_t m1, m2; sem_t blank_num, product_num; int goods[NUM]; int i, j, k; void *producer(void *argv) { while (1) { sem_wait(&blank_num); pthread_mutex_lock(&m1); goods[i] = rand() % 100 + 1; printf("produce %d\n", goods[i]); i = (i + 1) % NUM; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m1); sem_post(&product_num); sleep(rand() % 2); } } void *comsumer(void *argv) { while (1) { sem_wait(&product_num); pthread_mutex_lock(&m2); printf("comsume %d\n", goods[j]); goods[j] = 0; //置零 j = (j + 1) % NUM; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m2); sem_post(&blank_num); sleep(rand() % 2); } } int main(void) { i = j = k = 0; //初始化信号量及互斥量 sem_init(&blank_num, 0, NUM); sem_init(&product_num, 0, 0); pthread_mutex_init(&m1, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&m2, NULL); pthread_t pro[2], com[3]; for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) pthread_create(&com[k], NULL, producer, NULL); for (k = 0; k < 2; k++) pthread_create(&pro[k], NULL, comsumer, NULL); for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) pthread_join(com[k], NULL); for (k = 0; k < 2; k++) pthread_join(pro[k], NULL); pthread_mutex_destroy(&m1); pthread_mutex_destroy(&m2); sem_destroy(&blank_num); sem_destroy(&product_num); return 0; }
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/zhangxiangdavaid/article/details/47069783