标签：linux内核 进程 线程 task_struct
struct task_struct {
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
void *stack;
atomic_t usage;
unsigned int flags; /* per process flags, defined below */
unsigned int ptrace;
int lock_depth; /* BKL lock depth */
......
int prio, static_prio, normal_prio;
unsigned int rt_priority;
const struct sched_class *sched_class;
struct sched_entity se;
struct sched_rt_entity rt;
......
struct task_struct *parent; /* recipient of SIGCHLD, wait4() reports */
struct list_head children; /* list of my children */
struct list_head sibling; /* linkage in my parent's children list */
......
};
struct thread_info {
struct task_struct *task; /* 该指针存放的是指向该任务实际task_struct的指针 */
struct exec_domain *exec_domain; /* execution domain */
__u32 flags; /* low level flags */
__u32 status; /* thread synchronous flags */
__u32 cpu; /* current CPU */
int preempt_count; /* 0 => preemptable,
<0 => BUG */
mm_segment_t addr_limit;
struct restart_block restart_block;
void __user *sysenter_return;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
unsigned long previous_esp; /* ESP of the previous stack in
case of nested (IRQ) stacks
*/
__u8 supervisor_stack[0];
#endif
int uaccess_err;
}; 使用current宏就可以获得当前进程的进程描述符。
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
void sln_taskstruct_do(void)
{
struct task_struct *cur,
*parent,
*task;
struct list_head *first_child,
*child_list,
*cur_chd;
//获取当前进程信息
cur = current;
printk(KERN_ALERT"Current: %s[%d]\n",
cur->comm, cur->pid);
//获取父进程信息
parent = current->parent;
printk(KERN_ALERT"Parent: %s[%d]\n",
parent->comm, parent->pid);
//获取所有祖先进程信息
for (task = cur; task != &init_task; task = task->parent) {
printk(KERN_ALERT"ancestor: %s[%d]\n",
task->comm, task->pid);
}
//获取所有子进程信息
child_list = &cur->children;
first_child = &cur->children;
for (cur_chd = child_list->next;
cur_chd != first_child;
cur_chd = cur_chd->next) {
task = list_entry(child_list, struct task_struct, sibling);
printk(KERN_ALERT"Children: %s[%d]\n",
task->comm, task->pid);
}
}
static int __init sln_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT"===%s===\n", __func__);
sln_taskstruct_do();
return 0;
}
static void __exit sln_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT"===%s===\n", __func__);
}
module_init(sln_init);
module_exit(sln_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("shallnet");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("blog.csdn.net/shallnet");
执行结果如下：# insmod task.ko ===sln_init=== Current: insmod[4315] Parent: bash[4032] ancestor: insmod[4315] ancestor: bash[4032] ancestor: login[2563] ancestor: init[1]
int sys_fork(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
return do_fork(SIGCHLD, regs->sp, regs, 0, NULL, NULL);
}
long do_fork(unsigned long clone_flags,
unsigned long stack_start,
struct pt_regs *regs,
unsigned long stack_size,
int __user *parent_tidptr,
int __user *child_tidptr)
{
struct task_struct *p;
int trace = 0;
long nr;
......
p = copy_process(clone_flags, stack_start, regs, stack_size,
child_tidptr, NULL, trace);
......
return nr;
}
static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
unsigned long stack_start,
struct pt_regs *regs,
unsigned long stack_size,
int __user *child_tidptr,
struct pid *pid,
int trace)
{
int retval;
struct task_struct *p;
int cgroup_callbacks_done = 0;
if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS)) == (CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_FS))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
/*
* Thread groups must share signals as well, and detached threads
* can only be started up within the thread group.
*/
if ((clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
/*
* Shared signal handlers imply shared VM. By way of the above,
* thread groups also imply shared VM. Blocking this case allows
* for various simplifications in other code.
*/
if ((clone_flags & CLONE_SIGHAND) && !(clone_flags & CLONE_VM))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
/*
* Siblings of global init remain as zombies on exit since they are
* not reaped by their parent (swapper). To solve this and to avoid
* multi-rooted process trees, prevent global and container-inits
* from creating siblings.
*/
if ((clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT) &&
current->signal->flags & SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE)
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
retval = security_task_create(clone_flags);
if (retval)
goto fork_out;
retval = -ENOMEM;
p = dup_task_struct(current);
if (!p)
goto fork_out;
ftrace_graph_init_task(p);
rt_mutex_init_task(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!p->hardirqs_enabled);
DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!p->softirqs_enabled);
#endif
retval = -EAGAIN;
if (atomic_read(&p->real_cred->user->processes) >=
p->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur) {
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && !capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) &&
p->real_cred->user != INIT_USER)
goto bad_fork_free;
}
retval = copy_creds(p, clone_flags);
if (retval < 0)
goto bad_fork_free;
/*
* If multiple threads are within copy_process(), then this check
* triggers too late. This doesn't hurt, the check is only there
* to stop root fork bombs.
*/
retval = -EAGAIN;
if (nr_threads >= max_threads)
goto bad_fork_cleanup_count;
if (!try_module_get(task_thread_info(p)->exec_domain->module))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_count;
p->did_exec = 0;
delayacct_tsk_init(p); /* Must remain after dup_task_struct() */
copy_flags(clone_flags, p);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->children);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->sibling);
rcu_copy_process(p);
p->vfork_done = NULL;
spin_lock_init(&p->alloc_lock);
init_sigpending(&p->pending);
p->utime = cputime_zero;
p->stime = cputime_zero;
p->gtime = cputime_zero;
p->utimescaled = cputime_zero;
p->stimescaled = cputime_zero;
p->prev_utime = cputime_zero;
p->prev_stime = cputime_zero;
p->default_timer_slack_ns = current->timer_slack_ns;
task_io_accounting_init(&p->ioac);
acct_clear_integrals(p);
posix_cpu_timers_init(p);
p->lock_depth = -1; /* -1 = no lock */
do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime(&p->start_time);
p->real_start_time = p->start_time;
monotonic_to_bootbased(&p->real_start_time);
p->io_context = NULL;
p->audit_context = NULL;
cgroup_fork(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
p->mempolicy = mpol_dup(p->mempolicy);
if (IS_ERR(p->mempolicy)) {
retval = PTR_ERR(p->mempolicy);
p->mempolicy = NULL;
goto bad_fork_cleanup_cgroup;
}
mpol_fix_fork_child_flag(p);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
p->irq_events = 0;
#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_INTERRUPTS_ON_CTXSW
p->hardirqs_enabled = 1;
#else
p->hardirqs_enabled = 0;
#endif
p->hardirq_enable_ip = 0;
p->hardirq_enable_event = 0;
p->hardirq_disable_ip = _THIS_IP_;
p->hardirq_disable_event = 0;
p->softirqs_enabled = 1;
p->softirq_enable_ip = _THIS_IP_;
p->softirq_enable_event = 0;
p->softirq_disable_ip = 0;
p->softirq_disable_event = 0;
p->hardirq_context = 0;
p->softirq_context = 0;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
p->lockdep_depth = 0; /* no locks held yet */
p->curr_chain_key = 0;
p->lockdep_recursion = 0;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
p->blocked_on = NULL; /* not blocked yet */
#endif
p->bts = NULL;
p->stack_start = stack_start;
/* Perform scheduler related setup. Assign this task to a CPU. */
sched_fork(p, clone_flags);
retval = perf_event_init_task(p);
if (retval)
goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy;
if ((retval = audit_alloc(p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_policy;
/* copy all the process information */
if ((retval = copy_semundo(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_audit;
if ((retval = copy_files(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_semundo;
if ((retval = copy_fs(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_files;
if ((retval = copy_sighand(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_fs;
if ((retval = copy_signal(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_sighand;
if ((retval = copy_mm(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_signal;
if ((retval = copy_namespaces(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_mm;
if ((retval = copy_io(clone_flags, p)))
goto bad_fork_cleanup_namespaces;
retval = copy_thread(clone_flags, stack_start, stack_size, p, regs);
if (retval)
goto bad_fork_cleanup_io;
if (pid != &init_struct_pid) {
retval = -ENOMEM;
pid = alloc_pid(p->nsproxy->pid_ns);
if (!pid)
goto bad_fork_cleanup_io;
if (clone_flags & CLONE_NEWPID) {
retval = pid_ns_prepare_proc(p->nsproxy->pid_ns);
if (retval < 0)
goto bad_fork_free_pid;
}
}
p->pid = pid_nr(pid);
p->tgid = p->pid;
if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
p->tgid = current->tgid;
if (current->nsproxy != p->nsproxy) {
retval = ns_cgroup_clone(p, pid);
if (retval)
goto bad_fork_free_pid;
}
p->set_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_SETTID) ? child_tidptr : NULL;
/*
* Clear TID on mm_release()?
*/
p->clear_child_tid = (clone_flags & CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID) ? child_tidptr: NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
p->robust_list = NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
p->compat_robust_list = NULL;
#endif
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->pi_state_list);
p->pi_state_cache = NULL;
#endif
/*
* sigaltstack should be cleared when sharing the same VM
*/
if ((clone_flags & (CLONE_VM|CLONE_VFORK)) == CLONE_VM)
p->sas_ss_sp = p->sas_ss_size = 0;
/*
* Syscall tracing should be turned off in the child regardless
* of CLONE_PTRACE.
*/
clear_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SYSCALL_TRACE);
#ifdef TIF_SYSCALL_EMU
clear_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_SYSCALL_EMU);
#endif
clear_all_latency_tracing(p);
/* ok, now we should be set up.. */
p->exit_signal = (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) ? -1 : (clone_flags & CSIGNAL);
p->pdeath_signal = 0;
p->exit_state = 0;
/*
* Ok, make it visible to the rest of the system.
* We dont wake it up yet.
*/
p->group_leader = p;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->thread_group);
/* Now that the task is set up, run cgroup callbacks if
* necessary. We need to run them before the task is visible
* on the tasklist. */
cgroup_fork_callbacks(p);
cgroup_callbacks_done = 1;
/* Need tasklist lock for parent etc handling! */
write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
/*
* The task hasn't been attached yet, so its cpus_allowed mask will
* not be changed, nor will its assigned CPU.
*
* The cpus_allowed mask of the parent may have changed after it was
* copied first time - so re-copy it here, then check the child's CPU
* to ensure it is on a valid CPU (and if not, just force it back to
* parent's CPU). This avoids alot of nasty races.
*/
p->cpus_allowed = current->cpus_allowed;
p->rt.nr_cpus_allowed = current->rt.nr_cpus_allowed;
if (unlikely(!cpu_isset(task_cpu(p), p->cpus_allowed) ||
!cpu_online(task_cpu(p))))
set_task_cpu(p, smp_processor_id());
/* CLONE_PARENT re-uses the old parent */
if (clone_flags & (CLONE_PARENT|CLONE_THREAD)) {
p->real_parent = current->real_parent;
p->parent_exec_id = current->parent_exec_id;
} else {
p->real_parent = current;
p->parent_exec_id = current->self_exec_id;
}
spin_lock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
/*
* Process group and session signals need to be delivered to just the
* parent before the fork or both the parent and the child after the
* fork. Restart if a signal comes in before we add the new process to
* it's process group.
* A fatal signal pending means that current will exit, so the new
* thread can't slip out of an OOM kill (or normal SIGKILL).
*/
recalc_sigpending();
if (signal_pending(current)) {
spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
retval = -ERESTARTNOINTR;
goto bad_fork_free_pid;
}
if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD) {
atomic_inc(¤t->signal->count);
atomic_inc(¤t->signal->live);
p->group_leader = current->group_leader;
list_add_tail_rcu(&p->thread_group, &p->group_leader->thread_group);
}
if (likely(p->pid)) {
list_add_tail(&p->sibling, &p->real_parent->children);
tracehook_finish_clone(p, clone_flags, trace);
if (thread_group_leader(p)) {
if (clone_flags & CLONE_NEWPID)
p->nsproxy->pid_ns->child_reaper = p;
p->signal->leader_pid = pid;
tty_kref_put(p->signal->tty);
p->signal->tty = tty_kref_get(current->signal->tty);
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID, task_pgrp(current));
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID, task_session(current));
list_add_tail_rcu(&p->tasks, &init_task.tasks);
__get_cpu_var(process_counts)++;
}
attach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID, pid);
nr_threads++;
}
total_forks++;
spin_unlock(¤t->sighand->siglock);
write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
proc_fork_connector(p);
cgroup_post_fork(p);
perf_event_fork(p);
return p;
bad_fork_free_pid:
if (pid != &init_struct_pid)
free_pid(pid);
bad_fork_cleanup_io:
put_io_context(p->io_context);
bad_fork_cleanup_namespaces:
exit_task_namespaces(p);
bad_fork_cleanup_mm:
if (p->mm)
mmput(p->mm);
bad_fork_cleanup_signal:
if (!(clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD))
__cleanup_signal(p->signal);
bad_fork_cleanup_sighand:
__cleanup_sighand(p->sighand);
bad_fork_cleanup_fs:
exit_fs(p); /* blocking */
bad_fork_cleanup_files:
exit_files(p); /* blocking */
bad_fork_cleanup_semundo:
exit_sem(p);
bad_fork_cleanup_audit:
audit_free(p);
bad_fork_cleanup_policy:
perf_event_free_task(p);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
mpol_put(p->mempolicy);
bad_fork_cleanup_cgroup:
#endif
cgroup_exit(p, cgroup_callbacks_done);
delayacct_tsk_free(p);
module_put(task_thread_info(p)->exec_domain->module);
bad_fork_cleanup_count:
atomic_dec(&p->cred->user->processes);
exit_creds(p);
bad_fork_free:
free_task(p);
fork_out:
return ERR_PTR(retval);
}
struct task_struct *kthread_create(int (*threadfn)(void *data),
void *data,
const char namefmt[], ...)
struct task_struct *kthread_create(int (*threadfn)(void *data),
void *data,
const char namefmt[],
...)
{
struct kthread_create_info create;
create.threadfn = threadfn;
create.data = data;
init_completion(&create.done);
spin_lock(&kthread_create_lock);
list_add_tail(&create.list, &kthread_create_list);
spin_unlock(&kthread_create_lock);
wake_up_process(kthreadd_task);
wait_for_completion(&create.done);
if (!IS_ERR(create.result)) {
struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = 0 };
va_list args;
va_start(args, namefmt);
vsnprintf(create.result->comm, sizeof(create.result->comm),
namefmt, args);
va_end(args);
/*
* root may have changed our (kthreadd's) priority or CPU mask.
* The kernel thread should not inherit these properties.
*/
sched_setscheduler_nocheck(create.result, SCHED_NORMAL, ¶m);
set_cpus_allowed_ptr(create.result, cpu_all_mask);
}
#define kthread_run(threadfn, data, namefmt, ...) \
({ struct task_struct *__k = kthread_create(threadfn, data, namefmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); if (!IS_ERR(__k)) wake_up_process(__k); __k; }) kthread_run其实就是创建了一个内核线程并且唤醒了。内核线程启动后就一直运行直到调用do_exit()退出或者内核的其他部分调用kthread_stop()退出。
int kthread_stop(struct task_struct *k);
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/sched.h> //schdule_timeout()
#include <linux/kthread.h>
struct task_struct *sln_task;
int sln_kthread_func(void *arg)
{
while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
printk(KERN_ALERT"===%s===\n", __func__);
set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
schedule_timeout(2*HZ);
}
return 0;
}
void sln_init_do(void)
{
int data = 9527;
sln_task = kthread_create(sln_kthread_func,
&data,
"sln_kthread_task");
if (IS_ERR(sln_task)) {
printk(KERN_ALERT"kthread_create() failed!\n");
return;
}
wake_up_process(sln_task);
}
void sln_exit_do(void)
{
if (NULL != sln_task) {
kthread_stop(sln_task);
sln_task = NULL;
}
}
static int __init sln_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT"===%s===\n", __func__);
sln_init_do();
return 0;
}
static void __exit sln_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT"===%s===\n", __func__);
sln_exit_do();
}
module_init(sln_init);
module_exit(sln_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("shallnet");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("blog.csdn.net/shallnet");
既然有进程的创建，那就有进程的终结，终结时内核必须释放它所占有的资源。内核终结时，大部分任务都是靠do_exit()（定义于）来完成。NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
int group_dead;
profile_task_exit(tsk);
WARN_ON(atomic_read(&tsk->fs_excl));
//不可在中断上下文中使用该函数
if (unlikely(in_interrupt()))
panic("Aiee, killing interrupt handler!");
if (unlikely(!tsk->pid))
panic("Attempted to kill the idle task!");
tracehook_report_exit(&code);
validate_creds_for_do_exit(tsk);
/*
* We're taking recursive faults here in do_exit. Safest is to just
* leave this task alone and wait for reboot.
*/
if (unlikely(tsk->flags & PF_EXITING)) {
printk(KERN_ALERT
"Fixing recursive fault but reboot is needed!\n");
//设置PF_EXITING:表示进程正在退出
tsk->flags |= PF_EXITPIDONE;
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
schedule();
}
exit_irq_thread();
exit_signals(tsk); /* sets PF_EXITING */
/*
* tsk->flags are checked in the futex code to protect against
* an exiting task cleaning up the robust pi futexes.
*/
smp_mb();
spin_unlock_wait(&tsk->pi_lock);
if (unlikely(in_atomic()))
printk(KERN_INFO "note: %s[%d] exited with preempt_count %d\n",
current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
preempt_count());
acct_update_integrals(tsk);
group_dead = atomic_dec_and_test(&tsk->signal->live);
if (group_dead) {
hrtimer_cancel(&tsk->signal->real_timer);
exit_itimers(tsk->signal);
if (tsk->mm)
setmax_mm_hiwater_rss(&tsk->signal->maxrss, tsk->mm);
}
acct_collect(code, group_dead);
if (group_dead)
tty_audit_exit();
if (unlikely(tsk->audit_context))
audit_free(tsk);
tsk->exit_code = code;
taskstats_exit(tsk, group_dead);
//调用__exit_mm()函数放弃进程占用的mm_struct,如果没有别的进程使用它们即没被共享，就彻底释放它们
exit_mm(tsk);
if (group_dead)
acct_process();
trace_sched_process_exit(tsk);
exit_sem(tsk); //调用sem_exit()函数。如果进程排队等候IPC信号，它则离开队列
//分别递减文件描述符，文件系统数据等的引用计数。当引用计数的值为0时，就代表没有进程在使用这些资源，此时就释放
exit_files(tsk);
exit_fs(tsk);
check_stack_usage();
exit_thread();
cgroup_exit(tsk, 1);
if (group_dead && tsk->signal->leader)
disassociate_ctty(1);
module_put(task_thread_info(tsk)->exec_domain->module);
proc_exit_connector(tsk);
/*
* Flush inherited counters to the parent - before the parent
* gets woken up by child-exit notifications.
*/
perf_event_exit_task(tsk);
//调用exit_notify()向父进程发送信号，将子进程的父进程重新设置为线程组中的其他线程或init进程，并把进程状态设为TASK_ZOMBIE.
exit_notify(tsk, group_dead);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
mpol_put(tsk->mempolicy);
tsk->mempolicy = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
if (unlikely(current->pi_state_cache))
kfree(current->pi_state_cache);
#endif
/*<pre name="code" class="cpp">void release_task(struct task_struct * p)
{
struct task_struct *leader;
int zap_leader;
repeat:
tracehook_prepare_release_task(p);
/* don't need to get the RCU readlock here - the process is dead and
* can't be modifying its own credentials */
atomic_dec(&__task_cred(p)->user->processes);
proc_flush_task(p);
write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
tracehook_finish_release_task(p);
__exit_signal(p); //释放目前僵死进程所使用的所有剩余资源，并进行统计记录
zap_leader = 0;
leader = p->group_leader;
//如果进程是线程组最后一个进程，并且领头进程已经死掉，那么就通知僵死的领头进程的父进程
if (leader != p && thread_group_empty(leader) && leader->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE)
{
BUG_ON(task_detached(leader));
do_notify_parent(leader, leader->exit_signal);
zap_leader = task_detached(leader);
if (zap_leader)
leader->exit_state = EXIT_DEAD;
}
write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
release_thread(p);
call_rcu(&p->rcu, delayed_put_task_struct);
p = leader;
if (unlikely(zap_leader))
goto repeat;
} 版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。
标签：linux内核 进程 线程 task_struct
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/shallnet/article/details/47133263
