在做Android开发的时候,只要查看一些Android源码,不难发现,其中,声明常量都是如下格式:
<span style="font-size:14px;">private static final String TAG = "FragmentActivity";</span>
之前是这么考虑问题的:定义一个类A,其中包含了用静态变量修饰的常量CONSTANT_A与直接用final修饰的常量CONSTANT_B
<span style="font-size:14px;">public class A { public static final String CONSTANT_A = "Hello"; public final String CONSTANT_B = "Hello"; }</span>
今天在看Android官网的时候,恰巧看到这一问题:
http://developer.android.com/training/articles/perf-tips.html
原文:
Consider the following declaration at the top of a class:
static int intVal = 42;
static String strVal = "Hello, world!";
The compiler generates a class initializer method, called <clinit>
, that is executed when the class is first used. The method stores the value 42 into intVal
, and extracts a reference
from the classfile string constant table for strVal
. When these values are referenced later on, they are accessed with field lookups.
在类第一次被执行的时候,编译器会生成一个初始化方法,这个方法将42的值存入对应的变量intVal,同时通过常量表获得strVal的一个引用。在之后引用这些变量的时候,将进行查询(表)来访问到。
We can improve matters with the "final" keyword:
通过使用final来提升性能:
static final int intVal = 42;
static final String strVal = "Hello, world!";
The class no longer requires a <clinit>
method, because the constants go into static field initializers in the dex file. Code that refers to intVal
will use the integer value 42 directly,
and accesses to strVal
will use a relatively inexpensive "string constant" instruction instead of a field lookup.
这样,常量进入了dex文件的静态区初始化部分,不在需要一个初始化方法(来对变量赋值),代码中将直接使用42的常量值,strVal也通过开销低廉的“字符串常量”来代替文件查表。
Note: This optimization applies only to primitive types and String
constants,
not arbitrary reference types. Still, it‘s good practice to declare constants static final
whenever possible.
看完Google的这段文章,虽然对里面部分名词还是稍有不解,但是了解到static final搭档的另外原因。
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/changhuiyuanh/article/details/47172617