web设计之无懈可击

<!--[if IE]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

<!--[if IE]>
<script>
(function(){if(!/*@cc_on!@*/0)return;var e = "abbr,article,aside,audio,canvas,datalist,details,dialog,eventsource,figure,footer,header,hgroup,mark,menu,meter,nav,output,progress,section,time,video".split(‘,‘),i=e.length;while(i--){document.createElement(e[i])}})()
</script>
<![endif]-->

/*! normalize.css v3.0.2 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */

/**
 * 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
 * 2. Prevent iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling
 *    user zoom.
 */

html {
  font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
  -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Remove default margin.
 */

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* HTML5 display definitions
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
 * Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11
 * and Firefox.
 * Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
 */

article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
  display: block;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
 * 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
 */

audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
  display: inline-block; /* 1 */
  vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
 * Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
 */

audio:not([controls]) {
  display: none;
  height: 0;
}

/**
 * Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
 * Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
 */

[hidden],
template {
  display: none;
}

/* Links
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
 */

a {
  background-color: transparent;
}

/**
 * Improve readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers.
 */

a:active,
a:hover {
  outline: 0;
}

/* Text-level semantics
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
 */

abbr[title] {
  border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}

/**
 * Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */

b,
strong {
  font-weight: bold;
}

/**
 * Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
 */

dfn {
  font-style: italic;
}

/**
 * Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
 * contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */

h1 {
  font-size: 2em;
  margin: 0.67em 0;
}

/**
 * Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
 */

mark {
  background: #ff0;
  color: #000;
}

/**
 * Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
 */

small {
  font-size: 80%;
}

/**
 * Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
 */

sub,
sup {
  font-size: 75%;
  line-height: 0;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}

sup {
  top: -0.5em;
}

sub {
  bottom: -0.25em;
}

/* Embedded content
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
 */

img {
  border: 0;
}

/**
 * Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
 */

svg:not(:root) {
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Grouping content
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
 */

figure {
  margin: 1em 40px;
}

/**
 * Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
 */

hr {
  -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
  box-sizing: content-box;
  height: 0;
}

/**
 * Contain overflow in all browsers.
 */

pre {
  overflow: auto;
}

/**
 * Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
 */

code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
  font-family: monospace, monospace;
  font-size: 1em;
}

/* Forms
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Known limitation: by default, Chrome and Safari on OS X allow very limited
 * styling of `select`, unless a `border` property is set.
 */

/**
 * 1. Correct color not being inherited.
 *    Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
 * 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
 * 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
 */

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
  color: inherit; /* 1 */
  font: inherit; /* 2 */
  margin: 0; /* 3 */
}

/**
 * Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
 */

button {
  overflow: visible;
}

/**
 * Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
 * All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
 * Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
 * Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
 */

button,
select {
  text-transform: none;
}

/**
 * 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
 *    and `video` controls.
 * 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
 * 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
 *    `input` and others.
 */

button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
  -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
  cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
}

/**
 * Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
 */

button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
  cursor: default;
}

/**
 * Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
 */

button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

/**
 * Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
 * the UA stylesheet.
 */

input {
  line-height: normal;
}

/**
 * It‘s recommended that you don‘t attempt to style these elements.
 * Firefox‘s implementation doesn‘t respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
 *
 * 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
 * 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
 */

input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
  box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
  padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Fix the cursor style for Chrome‘s increment/decrement buttons. For certain
 * `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
 * decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
 */

input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  height: auto;
}

/**
 * 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
 * 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome
 *    (include `-moz` to future-proof).
 */

input[type="search"] {
  -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
  -moz-box-sizing: content-box;
  -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
  box-sizing: content-box;
}

/**
 * Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
 * Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
 * padding (and `textfield` appearance).
 */

input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}

/**
 * Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
 */

fieldset {
  border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
  margin: 0 2px;
  padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}

/**
 * 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
 * 2. Remove padding so people aren‘t caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
 */

legend {
  border: 0; /* 1 */
  padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/**
 * Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
 */

textarea {
  overflow: auto;
}

/**
 * Don‘t inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
 * NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
 */

optgroup {
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Tables
   ========================================================================== */

/**
 * Remove most spacing between table cells.
 */

table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border-spacing: 0;
}

td,
th {
  padding: 0;
}

html {
    font-size: 62.5%;/*10 ÷ 16 × 100% = 62.5%*/
}
body {
    font-size:14px; /*兼容IE*/
    font-size: 1.4rem;/*1.4 × 10px = 14px */
}
h1 {
    font-size:24px; /*兼容IE*/
     font-size: 2.4rem;/*2.4 × 10px = 24px*/
}

<nav role="navigation">
    <ul>
        <li><a>...</a></li>
        <li><a>...</a></li>
        <li><a>...</a></li>
    </ul>

</nav>

/* Permalink - use to edit and share this gradient: http://colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/#e9f6fd+0,d3eefb+100;Blue+3D+%233 */
background: rgb(233,246,253); /* Old browsers */
/* IE9 SVG, needs conditional override of ‘filter‘ to ‘none‘ */
background: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  rgba(233,246,253,1) 0%, rgba(211,238,251,1) 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(233,246,253,1)), color-stop(100%,rgba(211,238,251,1))); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  rgba(233,246,253,1) 0%,rgba(211,238,251,1) 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: -o-linear-gradient(top,  rgba(233,246,253,1) 0%,rgba(211,238,251,1) 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,  rgba(233,246,253,1) 0%,rgba(211,238,251,1) 100%); /* IE10+ */
background: linear-gradient(to bottom,  rgba(233,246,253,1) 0%,rgba(211,238,251,1) 100%); /* W3C */
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr=‘#e9f6fd‘, endColorstr=‘#d3eefb‘,GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-8 */

Support for full multi-stop gradients with IE9 (using SVG).
Add a "gradient" class to all your elements that have a gradient, and add the following override to your HTML to complete the IE9 support:

<!--[if gte IE 9]>
  <style type="text/css">
    .gradient {
       filter: none;
    }
  </style>
<![endif]-->

<header role="banner">
    <h1>Sample Blog</h1>
</header>

<div class="container">
    <p class="desc">This box is:</p>
    <p class="link"><em><a href="#">Indestructible!</a></em></p>
</div>

<h2>This way!</h2>

.clear{
     *zoom:1;  /*利用CSS hack 触发IE6，7haslayout 解决bug */
}

.clear:after{
    conten:‘‘;
    display:table;
    clear:both;
}

<article id="sweden">
    <dl>
        <dt>...</dt>
        <dd class="img"><img /></dd>
        <dd>...</dd>
    </dl>
    <dl>
        <dt>...</dt>
        <dd class="img"><img /></dd>
        <dd>...</dd>
    </dl>
    <dl>
        <dt>...</dt>
        <dd class="img"><img /></dd>
        <dd>...</dd>
    </dl>

</article>

.shadow{-webkit-box-shadow:1px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

        -moz-box-shadow:1px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);

        box-shadow:1px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);   /*  分别表示纵向偏移，横向偏移，模糊偏移，颜色值rgba最后为透明度 */
}

table{
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}

<table>
<caption>标题</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th scope="col">...</th>
     </tr>
  </thead>
  <tfoot>              /*tfoot在tbody之前，这样浏览器就可以在收到所有数据前呈现页脚了*/
    <tr>
      <td>...</td>
     </tr>
  </tfoot>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>...</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>

</table>

<div id="wrap">

<header role="banner">
<h1>Header Goes Here</h1>
</header>

<div id="content" role="main">
...content goes here...
</div>

<div id="sidebar" role="complementary">
...sidebar goes here...
</div>

<footer role="contentinfo">
...footer goes here...
</footer>

</div><!-- end #wrap -->

-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;
-moz-box-sizing:border-box;
box-sizing:border-box;

#wrap{
        max-width: 960px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 0 30px;
    }

/*当页面小于800px时，取消#mian和#sidebar的左右浮动，宽度自动，变为单列布局，减少字体行高等*/@media screen and (max-width: 800px){
    #main,#sidebar{
        float: none;
        width: auto;
        padding: 0;
        font-size: .9em;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }
    }
/*当页面宽度小于550px时，常需要将logo居中对齐，两边设置少量空隙，改变字体行高等*/@media screen and (max-width: 550px){
        #wrap{
            padding: 0 15px;

        }
        #special{
            padding-left: 15px;
            padding-right: 15px;
            font-size: 1.2em;
            line-height: 1.3;
        }
        #main h1{
            font-size: 1.2em;
            line-height: 1.4;
        }
        footer[role="contentinfo"] p{
            margin-right: 20px;
            margin-left: 20px;
        }
    }