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之前的文章讲述了通过 WebDriver 如何启动 Firefox、Chrome 浏览器，及其相应的 MacOX 环境配置，请各位小主们参阅以下链接：
既然是在 MacOX 中穿插学习 PySe，那怎么可能少了 Safari 浏览器呢，幸运的是 Selenium2 支持了 Safari 浏览器，下面就开始我们的 Selenium2 Safari 之旅吧。
一、Safari 环境配置
安装 Safari 浏览器插件： SafariDriver.safariextz
首先，若想启动 Safari 浏览器，WebDriver 同样需要安装 Safari 的 driver，
安装好 Safari WebDriver 扩展插件后，如下图所示
另外，也可以通过 selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar 中获取相应版本的 SafariDriver.safariextz
通过执行命令：jar xf selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar 可解压 jar 文件，过程中出现的 license 目录无法创建可忽略。
配置环境变量：SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR
将 selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar 放置在一个空文件夹，例如：cp selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar /Library/Selenium/selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar
然后通过以下命令，添加环境变量 SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR
export SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR="/Library/Selenium/selenium-server-standalone-2.46.0.jar"
若未配置环境变量，则在执行测试脚本时，会有如下所示的错误信息，提示添加环境变量
Aaron-test:pyse aaron$ python pyse_demo_safari.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pyse_demo_safari.py", line 6, in <module>
browser = webdriver.Safari()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/safari/webdriver.py", line 54, in __init__
‘SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR‘")
Exception: No executable path given, please add one to Environment Variable ‘SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR‘
Aaron-test:pyse aaron$
二、编写示例脚本
启动 Safari 的自动化脚本的工作事项如下所示：
相应的脚本 pyse_demo_safari.py 内容如下所示：
1 #!/usr/local/bin/python 2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 4 from selenium import webdriver 5 import time 6 7 # open safari 8 safari = webdriver.Safari() 9 10 safari.set_window_position(20, 100) 11 safari.set_window_size(1000, 700) 12 13 # navigate to baidu 14 safari.get("http://www.baidu.com/") 15 16 safari.implicitly_wait(4) 17 18 # get input key 19 txt_search_key = safari.find_element_by_id("kw") 20 21 # clear input and type key 22 txt_search_key.clear() 23 txt_search_key.send_keys(u"范丰平") 24 25 # get search and click 26 btn_search = safari.find_element_by_id("su") 27 btn_search.click() 28 29 safari.implicitly_wait(10) 30 31 # click link text 32 link = safari.find_element_by_partial_link_text(u"范丰平") 33 34 print link.text 35 36 time.sleep(5) 37 38 safari.close() 39 40 safari.quit()
三、执行脚本
进入命令行控制台，进入 pyse_demo_safari.py 所在目录，执行命令 python pyse_demo_safari.py，执行后出现了如下所示的错误，不知哪位大神可知原因，劳烦告知，非常感谢！
1 Aaron-test:pyse aaron$ python pyse_demo_safari.py 2 13:20:31.244 INFO - Launching a standalone Selenium Server 3 13:20:31.275 INFO - Java: Oracle Corporation 25.40-b25 4 13:20:31.275 INFO - OS: Mac OS X 10.10.2 x86_64 5 13:20:31.284 INFO - v2.46.0, with Core v2.46.0. Built from revision 87c69e2 6 13:20:31.359 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver registration is skipped: 7 registration capabilities Capabilities [{ensureCleanSession=true, browserName=internet explorer, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform MAC 8 13:20:31.360 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver 9 13:20:31.360 INFO - Driver provider com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver is not registered 10 13:20:31.457 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:55186/wd/hub 11 13:20:31.457 INFO - Selenium Server is up and running 12 13:20:41.025 INFO - Executing: [new session: Capabilities [{browserName=safari, javascriptEnabled=true, version=, platform=ANY}]]) 13 13:20:41.033 INFO - Creating a new session for Capabilities [{browserName=safari, javascriptEnabled=true, version=, platform=ANY}] 14 13:20:41.088 INFO - Server started on port 41255 15 13:20:41.095 INFO - Launching Safari 16 13:20:41.103 INFO - Waiting for SafariDriver to connect 17 13:20:43.819 INFO - Connection opened 18 13:20:43.838 INFO - Driver connected in 2735 ms 19 13:20:43.876 INFO - Shutting down 20 13:20:43.876 INFO - Closing connection 21 13:20:43.877 INFO - Stopping Safari 22 13:20:43.987 INFO - Stopping server 23 13:20:43.987 INFO - Stopping server 24 13:20:43.996 INFO - Shutdown complete 25 13:20:43.997 WARN - Exception thrown 26 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 27 Build info: version: ‘2.46.0‘, revision: ‘87c69e2‘, time: ‘2015-06-04 16:16:47‘ 28 System info: host: ‘aaron-test.local‘, ip: ‘127.0.0.1‘, os.name: ‘Mac OS X‘, os.arch: ‘x86_64‘, os.version: ‘10.10.2‘, java.version: ‘1.8.0_40‘ 29 Driver info: driver.version: unknown 30 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122) 31 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192) 32 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.execute(DefaultSession.java:183) 33 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.<init>(DefaultSession.java:119) 34 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession.createSession(DefaultSession.java:95) 35 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverSessions.newSession(DefaultDriverSessions.java:137) 36 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.handler.NewSession.handle(NewSession.java:58) 37 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.handler.NewSession.handle(NewSession.java:1) 38 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.rest.ResultConfig.handle(ResultConfig.java:111) 39 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.JsonHttpCommandHandler.handleRequest(JsonHttpCommandHandler.java:174) 40 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.handleRequest(DriverServlet.java:202) 41 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.doPost(DriverServlet.java:164) 42 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727) 43 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet.service(DriverServlet.java:130) 44 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820) 45 at org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(ServletHolder.java:428) 46 at org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.dispatch(ServletHandler.java:680) 47 at org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(ServletHandler.java:571) 48 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpContext.handle(HttpContext.java:1526) 49 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpContext.handle(HttpContext.java:1479) 50 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpServer.service(HttpServer.java:920) 51 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpConnection.service(HttpConnection.java:820) 52 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpConnection.handleNext(HttpConnection.java:986) 53 at org.openqa.jetty.http.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnection.java:837) 54 at org.openqa.jetty.http.SocketListener.handleConnection(SocketListener.java:243) 55 at org.openqa.jetty.util.ThreadedServer.handle(ThreadedServer.java:358) 56 at org.openqa.jetty.util.ThreadPool$PoolThread.run(ThreadPool.java:537) 57 Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 58 Build info: version: ‘2.46.0‘, revision: ‘87c69e2‘, time: ‘2015-06-04 16:16:47‘ 59 System info: host: ‘aaron-test.local‘, ip: ‘127.0.0.1‘, os.name: ‘Mac OS X‘, os.arch: ‘x86_64‘, os.version: ‘10.10.2‘, java.version: ‘1.8.0_40‘ 60 Driver info: driver.version: unknown 61 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.callConstructor(DefaultDriverProvider.java:95) 62 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.newInstance(DefaultDriverProvider.java:79) 63 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverFactory.newInstance(DefaultDriverFactory.java:62) 64 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call(DefaultSession.java:222) 65 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call(DefaultSession.java:1) 66 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) 67 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$1.run(DefaultSession.java:176) 68 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 69 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 70 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 71 Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 72 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 73 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 74 at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 75 at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) 76 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.callConstructor(DefaultDriverProvider.java:85) 77 ... 9 more 78 Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure. 79 Build info: version: ‘2.46.0‘, revision: ‘87c69e2‘, time: ‘2015-06-04 16:16:47‘ 80 System info: host: ‘aaron-test.local‘, ip: ‘127.0.0.1‘, os.name: ‘Mac OS X‘, os.arch: ‘x86_64‘, os.version: ‘10.10.2‘, java.version: ‘1.8.0_40‘ 81 Driver info: driver.version: SafariDriver 82 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:599) 83 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:242) 84 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:128) 85 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:141) 86 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver.<init>(SafariDriver.java:58) 87 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver.<init>(SafariDriver.java:51) 88 ... 14 more 89 Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: com.google.gson.JsonObject cannot be cast to java.lang.String 90 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonToBeanConverter.convert(JsonToBeanConverter.java:111) 91 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonToBeanConverter.convert(JsonToBeanConverter.java:42) 92 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriverCommandExecutor.execute(SafariDriverCommandExecutor.java:191) 93 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:578) 94 ... 19 more 95 13:20:44.001 WARN - Exception: com.google.gson.JsonObject cannot be cast to java.lang.String 96 Traceback (most recent call last): 97 File "pyse_demo_safari.py", line 8, in <module> 98 browser = webdriver.Safari() 99 File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/safari/webdriver.py", line 60, in __init__ 100 desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities) 101 File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 87, in __init__ 102 self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile) 103 File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 136, in start_session 104 ‘desiredCapabilities‘: desired_capabilities, 105 File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 196, in execute 106 self.error_handler.check_response(response) 107 File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 181, in check_response 108 raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) 109 selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: com.google.gson.JsonObject cannot be cast to java.lang.String 110 Stacktrace: 111 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonToBeanConverter.convert (JsonToBeanConverter.java:111) 112 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonToBeanConverter.convert (JsonToBeanConverter.java:42) 113 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriverCommandExecutor.execute (SafariDriverCommandExecutor.java:191) 114 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute (RemoteWebDriver.java:578) 115 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession (RemoteWebDriver.java:242) 116 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init> (RemoteWebDriver.java:128) 117 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init> (RemoteWebDriver.java:141) 118 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver.<init> (SafariDriver.java:58) 119 at org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver.<init> (SafariDriver.java:51) 120 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0 (NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:-2) 121 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance (NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 122 at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance (DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 123 at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance (Constructor.java:422) 124 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.callConstructor (DefaultDriverProvider.java:85) 125 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverProvider.newInstance (DefaultDriverProvider.java:79) 126 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultDriverFactory.newInstance (DefaultDriverFactory.java:62) 127 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call (DefaultSession.java:222) 128 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$BrowserCreator.call (DefaultSession.java:1) 129 at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run (FutureTask.java:266) 130 at org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DefaultSession$1.run (DefaultSession.java:176) 131 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker (ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 132 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run (ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 133 at java.lang.Thread.run (Thread.java:745)
对应的 Safari 浏览器版本如下所示：
解决办法：
1、更新 Safari 的插件 SafariDriver.safariextz 为 selenium-server-standalone-2.47.1.jar 中的 SafariDriver.safariextz
2、更新 selenium-server-standlone-2.46.0.jar 为 selenium-server-standalone-2.47.1.jar
3、更新 SELENIUM_SERVER_JAR 变量为 ： /Library/Selenium/selenium-server-standalone-2.47.1.jar
4、重新执行脚本 python pyse_demo_safari.py，执行日志如下所示：
16:18:56.330 INFO - Launching a standalone Selenium Server
16:18:56.360 INFO - Java: Oracle Corporation 25.40-b25
16:18:56.361 INFO - OS: Mac OS X 10.10.2 x86_64
16:18:56.370 INFO - v2.47.1, with Core v2.47.1. Built from revision 411b314
16:18:56.429 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{ensureCleanSession=true, browserName=internet explorer, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform MAC
16:18:56.429 INFO - Driver provider org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver registration is skipped:
registration capabilities Capabilities [{browserName=MicrosoftEdge, version=, platform=WINDOWS}] does not match the current platform MAC
16:18:56.429 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver
16:18:56.429 INFO - Driver provider com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver is not registered
16:18:56.488 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:57241/wd/hub
16:18:56.488 INFO - Selenium Server is up and running
16:19:06.330 INFO - Executing: [new session: Capabilities [{browserName=safari, javascriptEnabled=true, version=, platform=ANY}]])
16:19:06.338 INFO - Creating a new session for Capabilities [{browserName=safari, javascriptEnabled=true, version=, platform=ANY}]
16:19:06.394 INFO - Server started on port 39043
16:19:06.402 INFO - Launching Safari
16:19:06.410 INFO - Waiting for SafariDriver to connect
16:19:07.137 INFO - Connection opened
16:19:07.138 INFO - Driver connected in 728 ms
16:19:07.183 INFO - Done: [new session: Capabilities [{browserName=safari, javascriptEnabled=true, version=, platform=ANY}]]
16:19:07.195 INFO - Executing: [set window position])
16:19:07.211 INFO - Done: [set window position]
16:19:07.215 INFO - Executing: [set window size])
16:19:07.744 INFO - Done: [set window size]
16:19:07.748 INFO - Executing: [get: http://www.baidu.com/])
16:19:09.139 INFO - Done: [get: http://www.baidu.com/]
16:19:09.144 INFO - Executing: [implicitly wait: 4000])
16:19:09.150 INFO - Done: [implicitly wait: 4000]
16:19:09.155 INFO - Executing: [find element: By.id: kw])
16:19:09.252 INFO - Done: [find element: By.id: kw]
16:19:09.255 INFO - Executing: [clear: 0 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: kw]])
16:19:09.261 INFO - Done: [clear: 0 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: kw]]
16:19:09.265 INFO - Executing: [send keys: 0 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: kw], [范, 丰, 平]])
16:19:09.332 INFO - Done: [send keys: 0 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: kw], [范, 丰, 平]]
16:19:09.335 INFO - Executing: [find element: By.id: su])
16:19:09.339 INFO - Done: [find element: By.id: su]
16:19:09.342 INFO - Executing: [click: 1 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: su]])
16:19:09.361 INFO - Done: [click: 1 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> id: su]]
16:19:09.364 INFO - Executing: [implicitly wait: 10000])
16:19:09.384 INFO - Done: [implicitly wait: 10000]
16:19:09.390 INFO - Executing: [find element: By.partialLinkText: 范丰平])
16:19:09.843 INFO - Done: [find element: By.partialLinkText: 范丰平]
16:19:09.846 INFO - Executing: [get text: 2 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> partial link text: 范丰平]])
16:19:09.851 INFO - Done: [get text: 2 [[SafariDriver: safari on MAC (null)] -> partial link text: 范丰平]]
范丰平 - 博客园
16:19:14.855 INFO - Executing: [close window])
16:19:14.864 INFO - Done: [close window]
16:19:14.867 INFO - Executing: [delete session: 5109aef4-10ad-4602-91e7-17be071473a8])
16:19:14.867 INFO - Shutting down
16:19:14.867 INFO - Closing connection
16:19:14.868 INFO - Stopping Safari
16:19:14.924 INFO - Stopping server
16:19:14.924 INFO - Stopping server
16:19:14.929 INFO - Shutdown complete
16:19:14.929 INFO - Done: [delete session: 5109aef4-10ad-4602-91e7-17be071473a8]
执行结果如图所示：
至此， PySe-006-Se-WebDriver 启动浏览器之三 - Safari 顺利完结，希望此文能够给初学 Python + Selenium2 的您一份参考。
最后，非常感谢亲的驻足，希望此文能对亲有所帮助。热烈欢迎亲一起探讨，共同进步。非常感谢！ ^_^
PySe-006-Se-WebDriver 启动浏览器之三 - Safari
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/fengpingfan/p/4709644.html
