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Java发送邮件，所遇到的常见需求

时间：2015-08-08 19:36:28      阅读：201      评论：0      收藏：0      [点我收藏+]

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明天要做关于发送邮件的接口，虽然我之前已用Java Mail做过许多关于邮件的发送。但同事说有点难点，虽我还不知难点在哪，还是要复习下。凡事预则立，不预则废嘛~

所需的包：

Java Mail : 目前，可从如下地址下载：JavaMail API

Activation : 目前，可从如下地址下载：JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)

 

参考的好文章：

JavaMail发送和接收邮件

JavaMail：用Authenticator的子类进行身份验证及策略模式

Java发送邮件(带附件)

 

基于SMTP发送一个简单的邮件

首先，需要一个认证器：

技术分享 
package No001_基于SMTP的文本邮件;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;

public class SimpleAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
    
    private String username;
    private String password;
    
    public SimpleAuthenticator(String username, String password) {
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
        return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
    }

}
View Code

 

 

然后，书写简单的发送邮件程序：

技术分享 
package No001_基于SMTP的文本邮件;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

public class SMTPSimpleMail {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws AddressException, MessagingException {
        /* 必需的信息 */
        String SMTP_MAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"; // 此邮件服务器地址，自行去所属邮件查询
        String EMAIL_USERNAME = "example_email@163.com";
        String EMAIL_PASSWORD = "mypassword";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS = "example_email_too@qq.com";
        
        /* 服务器信息 */
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_MAIL_HOST);
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");

        /* 创建Session */
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new SimpleAuthenticator(EMAIL_USERNAME, EMAIL_PASSWORD));

        /* 邮件信息 */
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(EMAIL_USERNAME));
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS));
        message.setSubject("how to use java mail to send email.(Title)(001)");
        message.setText("how to use java mail to send email.(Content)");

        // 发送
        Transport.send(message);
        System.out.println("不是特别倒霉，你可以去查收邮件了。");
    }

}
View Code

 

各种收件人、抄送人、秘密抄送人，怎么办

认证器沿用，略。

 

其实就是设置、追加多个收件人、抄送人、秘密抄送人：

技术分享 
package No002_各种发件人收件人抄送人怎么办;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

public class SendMailWithMultiPeople {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws AddressException, MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        /* 必需的信息 */
        String SMTP_MAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"; // 此邮件服务器地址，自行去所属邮件查询
        String EMAIL_USERNAME = "example@163.com";
        String EMAIL_PASSWORD = "mypassword";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        String CC_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        String BCC_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        
        /* 服务器信息 */
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_MAIL_HOST);
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");

        /* 创建Session */
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new SimpleAuthenticator(EMAIL_USERNAME, EMAIL_PASSWORD));

        /* 发件人 */
        Address[] senderArray = new Address[1];
        senderArray[0] = new InternetAddress("example@163.com", "Nick Huang");
        
        /* 邮件信息 */
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        message.addFrom(senderArray);
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(CC_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress(CC_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress(BCC_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.setSubject("我是一封学习Java Mail的邮件");
        message.setText("我是一封学习Java Mail的邮件的内容，请邮件过滤器高抬贵手。");

        // 发送
        Transport.send(message);
        System.out.println("不是特别倒霉，你可以去查收邮件了。");
    }

}
View Code

 

 

发送附件怎么办

认证器沿用，略。

 

发送附件demo：

技术分享 
package No003_发送附件怎么办;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

public class SendMailWithAttachment {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws AddressException, MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        /* 必需的信息 */
        String SMTP_MAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"; // 此邮件服务器地址，自行去所属邮件查询
        String EMAIL_USERNAME = "example@163.com";
        String EMAIL_PASSWORD = "password";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        
        /* 服务器信息 */
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_MAIL_HOST);
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");

        /* 创建Session */
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new SimpleAuthenticator(EMAIL_USERNAME, EMAIL_PASSWORD));

        /* 发件人 */
        Address[] senderArray = new Address[1];
        senderArray[0] = new InternetAddress(EMAIL_USERNAME);
        
        /* 邮件信息 */
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        message.addFrom(senderArray);
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.setSubject("我是一封学习Java Mail的邮件");
        
        BodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
        bodyPart.setText("这是一封学习Java Mail的邮件的内容，请邮件过滤器高抬贵手。");
        
        /* 附件 */
        BodyPart attachmentPart1 = new MimeBodyPart();
        DataSource source = new FileDataSource(new File("D:/文件壹.txt"));
        attachmentPart1.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
        attachmentPart1.setFileName("=?GBK?B?" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode("文件壹.txt".getBytes()) + "?=");
        
        BodyPart attachmentPart2 = new MimeBodyPart();
        source = new FileDataSource(new File("D:/文件贰.txt"));
        attachmentPart2.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
        attachmentPart2.setFileName("=?GBK?B?" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode("文件贰.txt".getBytes()) + "?=");
        
        Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
        multipart.addBodyPart(attachmentPart1);
        multipart.addBodyPart(attachmentPart2);
        message.setContent(multipart);

        // 发送
        Transport.send(message);
        System.out.println("不是特别倒霉，你可以去查收邮件了。");
    }

}
View Code

 

 

还有，发送HTML邮件

认证器沿用，略。

 

其实就是告诉收件客户端用HTML解析渲染：

技术分享 
package No004_发送HTML邮件;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

public class HowToSendHTMLMail {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws AddressException, MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        /* 必需的信息 */
        String SMTP_MAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"; // 此邮件服务器地址，自行去所属邮件查询
        String EMAIL_USERNAME = "example@163.com";
        String EMAIL_PASSWORD = "password";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        
        /* 服务器信息 */
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_MAIL_HOST);
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");

        /* 创建Session */
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new SimpleAuthenticator(EMAIL_USERNAME, EMAIL_PASSWORD));

        /* 发件人 */
        Address[] senderArray = new Address[1];
        senderArray[0] = new InternetAddress(EMAIL_USERNAME);
        
        /* 邮件信息 */
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        message.addFrom(senderArray);
        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1));
        message.setSubject("如何发送HTML的邮件");
        
        /* 正文 */
        MimeBodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
        bodyPart.setContent("<h1>loving you...</h2>", "text/html;charset=gb2312");
        
        /* 封装邮件各部分信息 */
        Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
        message.setContent(multipart);

        // 发送
        Transport.send(message);
        System.out.println("不是特别倒霉，你可以去查收邮件了。");
    }

}
View Code

 

 要不，来个工具类?

认证器是一定的，沿用，略。

 

由于需要设置的属性多且繁杂，用个自己人简单易用的属性命名，所以来一个配置类

技术分享 
package No005_来一个工具类;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MailSenderConfig {
    private String SMTPMailHost; // 支持SMTP协议的邮件服务器地址

    /* 用于登录邮件服务器 */
    private String username;
    private String password;

    private String subject; // 标题
    private String content; // 内容
    
    private String fromMail; // 显示从此邮箱发出邮件
    private List<String> toMails; // 收件人
    private List<String> ccMails; // 抄送人
    private List<String> bccMails; // 秘密抄送人
    private List<File> attachments; // 附件
    
    public MailSenderConfig(String sMTPMailHost, String subject,
            String content, String fromMail) {
        super();
        SMTPMailHost = sMTPMailHost;
        this.subject = subject;
        this.content = content;
        this.fromMail = fromMail;
    }

    public String getSMTPMailHost() {
        return SMTPMailHost;
    }

    public void setSMTPMailHost(String sMTPMailHost) {
        SMTPMailHost = sMTPMailHost;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getFromMail() {
        return fromMail;
    }

    public void setFromMail(String fromMail) {
        this.fromMail = fromMail;
    }

    public List<String> getToMails() {
        return toMails;
    }

    public void setToMails(List<String> toMails) {
        this.toMails = toMails;
    }

    public List<String> getCcMails() {
        return ccMails;
    }

    public void setCcMails(List<String> ccMails) {
        this.ccMails = ccMails;
    }

    public List<String> getBccMails() {
        return bccMails;
    }

    public void setBccMails(List<String> bccMails) {
        this.bccMails = bccMails;
    }

    public List<File> getAttachments() {
        return attachments;
    }

    public void setAttachments(List<File> attachments) {
        this.attachments = attachments;
    }

    public String getSubject() {
        return subject;
    }

    public void setSubject(String subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
    
    public void addToMail (String mail) {
        if (this.toMails == null) {
            this.toMails = new ArrayList<String>();
        }
        this.toMails.add(mail);
    }
    
    public void addCcMail (String mail) {
        if (this.ccMails == null) {
            this.ccMails = new ArrayList<String>();
        }
        this.ccMails.add(mail);
    }
    
    public void addBccMail (String mail) {
        if (this.bccMails == null) {
            this.bccMails = new ArrayList<String>();
        }
        this.bccMails.add(mail);
    }
    
    public void addAttachment (File f) {
        if (this.attachments == null) {
            this.attachments = new ArrayList<File>();
        }
        this.attachments.add(f);
    }
    
}
View Code

 

 

最后，就是工具类的部分，主要负责几个事情：按照Java Mail规则作些初始化动作、将自定义的属性配置类翻译并以Java Mail规则设置、发送邮件。

还有，需要提下的是，因为工具类所提供的代替设置的属性有限，更多的情况可能不满足需要，所以暴露出MimeMessage，在不满足需求的情况开发者可自行加工配置，而其他部分仍可沿用工具类。

技术分享 
package No005_来一个工具类;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

import No002_各种发件人收件人抄送人怎么办.SimpleAuthenticator;

public class MailSender {
    
    private MailSenderConfig c;
    private MimeMessage message;
    
    public MailSender(MailSenderConfig config) throws Exception {
        super();
        this.c = config;
        this.setConfig();
    }
    
    /**
     * 初始化
     * @return
     */
    private Session initSession() {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        if (c.getSMTPMailHost() != null && c.getSMTPMailHost().length() > 0) {
            props.put("mail.smtp.host", c.getSMTPMailHost());
        }
        
        if (c.getUsername() != null && c.getUsername().length() > 0 && 
                c.getPassword() != null && c.getPassword().length() > 0) {
            props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
            return Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new SimpleAuthenticator(c.getUsername(), c.getPassword()));
        } else {
            props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "false");
            return Session.getDefaultInstance(props);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置Java Mail属性
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private void setConfig() throws Exception {
        this.configValid();
        
        Session s = this.initSession();
        message = new MimeMessage(s);
        
        /* 发件人 */
        Address[] fromMailArray = new Address[1];
        fromMailArray[0] = new InternetAddress(c.getFromMail());
        message.addFrom(fromMailArray);
        
        if (c.getToMails() != null && c.getToMails().size() > 0) {
            for (String mail : c.getToMails()) {
                message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(mail));
            }
        }
        if (c.getCcMails() != null && c.getCcMails().size() > 0) {
            for (String mail : c.getCcMails()) {
                message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress(mail));
            }
        }
        if (c.getToMails() != null && c.getToMails().size() > 0) {
            for (String mail : c.getToMails()) {
                message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress(mail));
            }
        }
        
        // 邮件标题
        message.setSubject(c.getSubject());
        
        /* 正文 */
        MimeBodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
        bodyPart.setContent(c.getContent(), "text/html;charset=gb2312");
        
        /* 封装邮件各部分信息 */
        Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
        message.setContent(multipart);
        
        BodyPart attachmentPart = null;
        DataSource ds = null;
        if (c.getAttachments() != null && c.getAttachments().size() > 0) {
            for (File f : c.getAttachments()) {
                attachmentPart = new MimeBodyPart();
                ds = new FileDataSource(f);
                attachmentPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(ds));
                attachmentPart.setFileName("=?GBK?B?" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(f.getName().getBytes()) + "?=");
                
                multipart.addBodyPart(attachmentPart);
            }
        }
        
        message.setContent(multipart);
    }
    
    /**
     * 配置校验
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private void configValid() throws Exception {
        if (c == null) {
            throw new Exception("配置对象为空");
        }
        
        if (c.getSMTPMailHost() == null || c.getSMTPMailHost().length() == 0) {
            throw new Exception("SMTP服务器为空");
        }
        
        if (c.getFromMail() == null && c.getFromMail().length() == 0) {
            throw new Exception("发件人邮件为空");
        }
        
        if (c.getToMails() == null || c.getToMails().size() < 1) {
            throw new Exception("收件人邮件为空");
        }
        
        if (c.getSubject() == null || c.getSubject().length() == 0) {
            throw new Exception("邮件标题为空");
        }
        
        if (c.getContent() == null || c.getContent().length() == 0) {
            throw new Exception("邮件内容为空");
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 发送邮件
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void send() throws MessagingException {
        Transport.send(message);
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置MimeMessage，暴露此对象以便于开发者自行设置个性化的属性
     * @return
     */
    public MimeMessage getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    /**
     * 设置MimeMessage，暴露此对象以便于开发者自行设置个性化的属性
     * @return
     */
    public void setMessage(MimeMessage message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

}
View Code

 

 

提供一个简单的测试类

技术分享 
package No005_来一个工具类;

import java.io.File;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

public class TestCall {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        /* 必需的信息 */
        String SMTP_MAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"; // 此邮件服务器地址，自行去所属邮件查询
        String EMAIL_USERNAME = "example@163.com";
        String EMAIL_PASSWORD = "password";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1 = "example@163.com";
        String TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_2 = "example@163.com";
        
        /* 使用情况一，正常使用 */
        /*
        MailSenderConfig c = new MailSenderConfig(SMTP_MAIL_HOST, 
                "this is test mail for test java mail framework 3.", "this is content 3.", EMAIL_USERNAME);
        c.setUsername(EMAIL_USERNAME);
        c.setPassword(EMAIL_PASSWORD);
        c.addToMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1);
        c.addToMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_2);
        c.addCcMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_2);
        c.addCcMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1);
        c.addAttachment(new File("d:/1.txt"));
        
        MailSender ms = new MailSender(c);
        ms.send();
        System.out.println("sent...");
        */
        
        /* 使用情况二，在更多情况下，工具类所作的设置并不满足需求，故将MimeMessage暴露并 */
        MailSenderConfig c = new MailSenderConfig(SMTP_MAIL_HOST, 
                "this is test mail for test java mail framework 4.", "this is content 4.", EMAIL_USERNAME);
        c.setUsername(EMAIL_USERNAME);
        c.setPassword(EMAIL_PASSWORD);
        c.addToMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1);
        c.addToMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_2);
        c.addCcMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_2);
        c.addCcMail(TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS_1);
        c.addAttachment(new File("d:/1.txt"));
        
        MailSender ms = new MailSender(c);
        
        MimeMessage message = ms.getMessage();
        message.setContent("this is the replaced content by MimeMessage 4.", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
        ms.setMessage(message);
        
        ms.send();
        System.out.println("sent...");
    }

}
View Code

 

 

总结

目前，我遇到的需求就是这么多，如日后遇见其他常见的需求并有时间，会进一步添加。

 

Java发送邮件，所遇到的常见需求

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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/nick-huang/p/4709508.html
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