C# Socket编程

时间：2015-08-11 11:50:19 阅读：192 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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在.NET技术大系当中，有很多服务编程的技术，比如socket、windows service、.net remoting、message queue、web service、wcf等等，这些技术都往往与网络知识紧密相关，有时还会结合多线程等技术，实现特定的需求。这里只以Socket为例，看如何运用C#进行网络编程。

熟悉Socket编程的应该都不陌生，要实现Socket，需要一个服务端程序以及一个客户端程序，服务端程序绑定IP、Port，建立侦听；客户端程序建立连接，向服务端抛出请求，通过TCP或UDP协议，获得服务端的反馈，这是一个双工通信的过程。而且最重要的是，Socket通信与具体编程语言无关，C、C++、JAVA、C#、PHP、Flex等高级编程语言都提供了相应的实现。

下面这个是个客户端Socket的简单例子，也是实际工作中曾经用过的。当时的情况是Socket服务端是用Java开发的一个程序，通过使用Socket，让两台不同网络的的机器通过前置机获取对方的信息。通过客户端发起请求，服务端监听收到请求后，进行响应处理，并把封装好的XML文档返回客户端。客户端收到XML数据后进行解析处理即可。

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取通讯中间件通过socket发送的数据，DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="requestCode">请求code</param>
        /// <param name="array">查询的条件，封装在数组里</param>
        /// <param name="errMsg">错误提示</param>
        /// <returns>经过一系列处理过后的DataTable</returns>
        public DataTable GetDataTable(string requestCode, IList<string> list, out string errMsg)
        {
            try
            {
                string ip = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ip"].ToString().Trim();//中间件的ip地址
                int port = Convert.ToInt32(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["port"].ToString().Trim());//中间件的端口号
                IPEndPoint serverip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);
                using (Socket clientSocket = new Socket(serverip.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
                {
                    clientSocket.Connect(serverip);//socket连接指定中间件前置机
                    string outBufferString = string.Empty;//准备发送的报文
                    switch (requestCode)
                    {
                        case "111001":
                            outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets("111001", list);
                            break;
                        case "111002":
                            outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets("111002", list);
                            break;
                        case "111003":
                            outBufferString = PrepareSendPackets("111003", list);
                            break;
                        default:
                            break;
                    }
                    byte[] outBuffer = new byte[2048];
                    outBuffer = Encoding.GetEncoding("gbk").GetBytes(outBufferString);
                    clientSocket.Send(outBuffer, outBuffer.Length, 0);//发送报文

                    byte[] inBuffer = new byte[51200];
                    clientSocket.Receive(inBuffer, inBuffer.Length, 0);//接收报文
                    string inBufferString = "<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘gb2312‘ ?> ";
                    inBufferString += Encoding.GetEncoding("gbk").GetString(inBuffer);
                    DataTable dt = ParsingPackets(requestCode, inBufferString, out errMsg);
                    return dt;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

再附一个完整一点的小例子。

这个程序简单实现了客户端发送消息，服务端接收消息并反馈给客户端消息的过程。用了同步模式，是最简单的socket通信模型。

服务端控制台：

　　　　static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //定义一个字典用于存放用户列表
            Dictionary<string, string> users = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            using (Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
            {
                IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.7"), 1234);
                socket.Bind(ipe);
                socket.Listen(10);

                Console.WriteLine("socket start!");

                while (true)//服务端死循环，不断提供socket服务
                {
                    Socket clientSocket = socket.Accept();//等待客户端请求

                    IPEndPoint ip = (IPEndPoint)clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint;
                    string remoteAddress = ip.Address.ToString();//远程IP地址

                    byte[] revBytes = new byte[512];
                    clientSocket.Receive(revBytes);//接收客户端发送的消息
                    string user = Encoding.Default.GetString(revBytes);

                    if (!users.ContainsKey(remoteAddress))
                    {
                        users.Add(remoteAddress, user);
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine("来自于" + remoteAddress + "的用户：" + user);
                    string content = "欢迎来到socket的世界！";
                    byte[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(content);
                    clientSocket.Send(bytes);//发送服务端消息到客户端

                    clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
                    clientSocket.Close();
                }
            }
        }

客户端WPF：

　　　　public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private string ip;//传入的ip
        private string username;//传入的用户名

        public MainWindow(string ip, string username)
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.ip = ip;
            this.username = username;
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            SendSocketPackge();
        }

        private static Socket client;//socket对象

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送数据包
        /// </summary>
        private void SendSocketPackge()
        {
            //建立1个Socket对象发起TCP连接
            client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            client.Connect(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.7"), 1234);//连接到服务器指定IP及Port
            string userSays = username + "说：" + this.textBox1.Text;//username自己用一个字符串代替
            client.Send(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userSays));//将当前的用户名发送给服务器端

            byte[] bytes = new byte[512];
            client.Receive(bytes);//接收服务端发送的消息
            client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
            client.Close();

            string content = string.Join(" ", DateTime.Now.ToString(), Encoding.Default.GetString(bytes));
            listBox1.Items.Add(content);//将消息加载到listbox列表
        }

        private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())[0].ToString();
            this.Title = "来自：" + ip + "的用户：" + username;
        }

        private void Window_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            if (client != null && client.Connected)
            {
                client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
                client.Close();
            }
        }