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Android解惑 - 为什么要用Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)来传递参数

时间:2015-08-14 18:31:18      阅读:276      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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Fragment在Android3.0开始提供,并且在兼容包中也提供了Fragment特性的支持。Fragment的推出让我们编写和管理用户界面更快捷更方便了。

但当我们实例化自定义Fragment时,为什么官方推荐Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)这种方式来传递参数,而不推荐通过构造方法直接来传递参数呢? 为了弄清这个问题,我们可以做一个测试,分别测试下这两种方式的不同

首先,我们来测试下通过构造方法传递参数的情况

 1 public class FramentTestActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
 2   
 3   @Override
 4   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 5     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 6     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 7 
 8     if (savedInstanceState == null) {
 9       getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
10           .add(R.id.container, new TestFragment("param")).commit();
11     }
12     
13   }
14 
15   public static class TestFragment extends Fragment {
16 
17     private String mArg = "non-param";
18     
19     public TestFragment() {
20       Log.i("INFO", "TestFragment non-parameter constructor");
21     }
22     
23     public TestFragment(String arg){
24       mArg = arg;
25       Log.i("INFO", "TestFragment construct with parameter");
26     }
27 
28     @Override
29     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
30         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
31       View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container,
32           false);
33       TextView tv = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
34       tv.setText(mArg);
35       return rootView;
36     }
37   }
38 
39 }

技术分享

可以看到我们传递过来的数据正确的显示了,现在来考虑一个问题,如果设备配置参数发生变化,这里以横竖屏切换来说明问题,显示如下

技术分享

发生了什么问题呢?我们传递的参数哪去了?为什么会显示默认值?不急着讨论这个问题,接下来我们来看看Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)这种方式的运行情况

 1 public class FramentTest2Activity extends ActionBarActivity {
 2        
 3         @Override
 4         protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 5   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 6              setContentView(R.layout. activity_main);
 7 
 8   if (savedInstanceState == null) {
 9         getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
10          .add(R.id. container, TestFragment.newInstance("param")).commit();
11              }
12 
13        }
14 
15         public static class TestFragment extends Fragment {
16 
17   private static final String ARG = "arg";
18              
19   public TestFragment() {
20         Log. i("INFO", "TestFragment non-parameter constructor" );
21              }
22 
23   public static Fragment newInstance(String arg){
24         TestFragment fragment = new TestFragment();
25         Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
26         bundle.putString( ARG, arg);
27         fragment.setArguments(bundle);
28          return fragment;
29              }
30              
31   @Override
32   public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
33                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
34         View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout. fragment_main, container,
35           false);
36         TextView tv = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id. tv);
37         tv.setText(getArguments().getString( ARG));
38          return rootView;
39              }
40        }
41 
42 }

技术分享

我们再来看看横竖屏切换后的运行情况

技术分享

看到了吧,我们传递的参数在横竖屏切换的情况下完好保存了下来,正确的显示给用户

那么这到底是怎么回事呢,我们知道设备横竖屏切换的话,当前展示给用户的Activity默认情况下会重新创建并展现给用户,那依附于Activity的Fragment会进行如何处理呢,我们可以通过源码来查看

先来看看Activity的onCreate(Bundle saveInstance)方法

 1 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 2     if (DEBUG_LIFECYCLE ) Slog.v( TAG, "onCreate " + this + ": " + savedInstanceState);
 3     if (mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
 4       mAllLoaderManagers = mLastNonConfigurationInstances .loaders ;
 5     }
 6     if (mActivityInfo .parentActivityName != null) {
 7       if (mActionBar == null) {
 8         mEnableDefaultActionBarUp = true ;
 9       } else {
10         mActionBar .setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled( true);
11       }
12     }
13     if (savedInstanceState != null) {
14       Parcelable p = savedInstanceState.getParcelable( FRAGMENTS_TAG );
15       mFragments .restoreAllState(p, mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null
16           ? mLastNonConfigurationInstances .fragments : null);
17     }
18     mFragments .dispatchCreate();
19     getApplication().dispatchActivityCreated( this , savedInstanceState);
20     mCalled = true ;
21   }

由于我们的Fragment是由FragmentManager来管理,所以可以跟进FragmentManager.restoreAllState()方法,通过对当前活动的Fragmnet找到下面的代码块

 1 for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) {
 2            FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i];
 3            if (fs != null) {
 4               Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mActivity, mParent);
 5                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: active #" + i + ": " + f);
 6                mActive.add(f);
 7                // Now that the fragment is instantiated (or came from being
 8                // retained above), clear mInstance in case we end up re-restoring
 9                 // from this FragmentState again.
10                 fs.mInstance = null;
11            } else {
12                mActive.add(null);
13                 if (mAvailIndices == null) {
14                     mAvailIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
15                }
16                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: avail #" + i);
17                mAvailIndices.add(i);
18            }
19 }

接下来我们可以看看FragmentState.instantitate()方法的实现

 1 public Fragment instantiate(Activity activity, Fragment parent) {
 2     if (mInstance != null) {
 3       return mInstance ;
 4     }
 5      
 6     if (mArguments != null) {
 7       mArguments .setClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader());
 8     }
 9      
10     mInstance = Fragment.instantiate(activity, mClassName , mArguments );
11      
12     if (mSavedFragmentState != null) {
13       mSavedFragmentState .setClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader());
14       mInstance .mSavedFragmentState = mSavedFragmentState ;
15     }
16     mInstance .setIndex(mIndex , parent);
17     mInstance .mFromLayout = mFromLayout ;
18     mInstance .mRestored = true;
19     mInstance .mFragmentId = mFragmentId ;
20     mInstance .mContainerId = mContainerId ;
21     mInstance .mTag = mTag ;
22     mInstance .mRetainInstance = mRetainInstance ;
23     mInstance .mDetached = mDetached ;
24     mInstance .mFragmentManager = activity.mFragments;
25     if (FragmentManagerImpl.DEBUG) Log.v(FragmentManagerImpl.TAG,
26         "Instantiated fragment " + mInstance );
27 
28     return mInstance ;
29   }

可以看到最终转入到Fragment. instantitate()方法

 1 public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname, Bundle args) {
 2     try {
 3       Class<?> clazz = sClassMap .get(fname);
 4       if (clazz == null) {
 5         // Class not found in the cache, see if it‘s real, and try to add it
 6         clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname);
 7         sClassMap .put(fname, clazz);
 8       }
 9       Fragment f = (Fragment)clazz.newInstance();
10       if (args != null) {
11         args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader());
12         f. mArguments = args;
13       }
14       return f;
15     } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
16       throw new InstantiationException( "Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
17           + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
18           + " empty constructor that is public" , e);
19     } catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) {
20       throw new InstantiationException( "Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
21           + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
22           + " empty constructor that is public" , e);
23     } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
24       throw new InstantiationException( "Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
25           + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
26           + " empty constructor that is public" , e);
27     }
28   }

通过此方法可以看到,最终会通过反射无参构造实例化一个新的Fragment,并且给mArgments初始化为原先的值,而原来的Fragment实例的数据都丢失了,并重新进行了初始化

通过上面的分析,我们可以知道Activity重新创建时,会重新构建它所管理的Fragment,原先的Fragment的字段值将会全部丢失,但是通过 Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)方法设置的bundle会保留下来。所以尽量使用 Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)方式来传递参数

Android解惑 - 为什么要用Fragment.setArguments(Bundle bundle)来传递参数

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/aLittleWhiteRabbit/p/4730788.html

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