标签：style blog http java 使用 strong
作为命令行忠实用户，服务器端软件的运维都倾向于使用命令或 脚本完成，非常讨厌资源占用很大的GUI。Oracle数据库作为重要的服务器端软件，其安装运维自然也完全支持纯命令行方式，尽管同时提供了OUI这个GUI安装程序。至于纯命令行下静默安装Oracle11g，本人之前写过详细的博文，有需要的请参考之，博文地址http://blog.csdn.net/smstong/article/details/7352036。按照这篇博文安装的数据库完全可用。本文算是对前面这篇博文的一个补充，就是在数据库安装完成的基础上安装配置Oracle Enterprise Manager，使得管理员在厌倦单纯sqlplus的情况下，可以使用浏览器来管理Oracle数据库。
OEM是一个统称，是Oracle提供的图形化企业级管理工具的统称。具体有三种可用的工具：
（1）Database Control
它用于管理一个数据库（可以是RAC集群数据库），具有实时管理和监视的功能，运行调度作业功能，告警功能。
（2）Application Server Control
用于管理一个或者多个应用服务器实例。
（3）Grid Control
Grid Control可以管理多个数据库和应用服务器，还可以管理计算机节点，支持通过第三方插件管理第三方产品。
在Oracle9i以及之前，OEM是以C/S架构出现的，从10g开始，使用B/S架构，使得管理员无需安装客户端即可直接通过浏览器进行管理。本文专注于Database Control这个工具，Database Control无需单独安装，在安装oracle的时候，它是自动一起安装的，但是必须经过仔细的配置才能使用。
Database Control在10g和11g中的目录结构有细微差异，本文以11g为基础说明。
在安装完oracle 11g之后，$ORACLE_HOME目录下会有专门为Database Control提供服务的目录，如上图所示。其中oc4j是oracle container for j2ee的缩写，是oracle专用的j2ee容器与tomcat类似。
Database Control自身使用的管理数据都存放到SYSMAN这个模式下。
了解了工作原理，其配置就容易理解了。与部署其他的j2EE程序一样，需要从数据和程序文件两个方面进行。从本质上说，所有这些操作都可以通过手工来一一完成，但是无论是建立大量的配置文件还是创建大量的数据表，纯手工方式都会很低效，也容易出错。所以Oracle公司为部署Database Control提供了专门的工具软件。
如果使用OUI来安装Oracle可以在安装阶段配置Database Control，在安装完成后还可以通过DBCA来配置，这些都是好用的GUI工具，但是本文的目的是在纯命令行下进行配置，所以上述方式不可用。
为了应对命令行模式下的配置，ORACLE公司为Database Control专门提供了配置助手emca（Enterprise manager Configuration Assistant)。
使用的命令是: emca -repos create
它的作用是为Database Control在数据库中创建必要的用户（模式）（sysman, dbsnmp等）和模式对象（存储过程，表，索引等等）。emca本身是一个脚本文件，最终调用的是java程序来完成实际的工作。由于在创建对象的过程中，需要以sysman用户身份调用Oracle数据库提供的一些函数或过程，所以必须要确保sysman拥有相关的权限。这也是配置中通常会出问题的地方。
需要注意的是emca首先以sys身份创建sysman账户，然后以sysman账户进行后续对象的创建。然后这两者之间是连续的，没有给我们修改sysman权限的机会。所以我们要在运行emca之前把sysman需要的权限赋予public账户，这样当sysman账户被创建后自动就会有相应的权限了。
那么到底需要赋予sysman那些权限呢？答案是很多。我的方法是，首先运行emca，如果权限有问题emca就会爆粗，然后根据错误日志找到缺少的权限，之后把这个权限赋给public，然后emca -repos recreate。
下面给出一个排错的例子：
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -repos recreate; STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:18:24 PM EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information: Database SID: xgdb Listener port number: 1521 Password for SYS user: Password for SYSMAN user: Password for SYSMAN user: Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y Jul 10, 2014 4:18:37 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log. Jul 10, 2014 4:18:37 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Repository successfully dropped Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke SEVERE: Error creating the repository Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_repos_create_<date>.log for more details. Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform SEVERE: Error creating the repository Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log for more details. Could not complete the configuration. Refer to the log file at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_18_24.log for more details.
313 Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository 314 CONFIG: Spooling to /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_repos_create_2014_07_10_16_19_44.log 315 Jul 10, 2014 4:19:44 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository 316 INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ... 317 Jul 10, 2014 4:21:53 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository 318 CONFIG: ORA-04063: package body "SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT" has errors 319 ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called:这里已经能看出大概的错误是SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT这个包编译有问题了，为了获取详细错误，继续查看提示的日志文件。
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Commit complete. BEGIN * ERROR at line 1: ORA-04063: package body "SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT" has errors ORA-06508: PL/SQL: could not find program unit being called: "SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT"
执行 SQL> alter package mgmt_login_assistant compile body;
此时会报错，继续查看出错原因：
SQL> show errors；
显示 函数ENCRYPT invalid。
这说明magmt_login_assistant这个包依赖ENCRYPT函数，而ENCRYPT函数自身有问题。那么继续看看ENCRYPT函数究竟什么问题。
SQL> alter function encrypt compile; Warning: Function altered with compilation errors. SQL> show errors; Errors for FUNCTION ENCRYPT: 9/5 PL/SQL: Statement ignored 10/22 PLS-00201: identifier ‘SYS.UTL_I18N‘ must be declared
找到了错误根源，解决就容易多了，以sys账户登录，然后赋予public角色执行SYS.UTL_I18N这个包的权限。
SQL> grant execute on UTL_I18N to public; Grant succeeded.
SYSMAN.MGMT_LOGIN_ASSISTANT包 < SYSMAN.ENCRYPT函数 < SYS.UTL_I18N包。
然后退出sql，重新执行 emca -repos recreate。如果还是报错，请按照上面查找问题的思路解决问题，直到成功。
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -repos recreate; STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:37:11 PM EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information: Database SID: xgdb Listener port number: 1521 Password for SYS user: Password for SYSMAN user: Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y Jul 10, 2014 4:37:24 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_37_11.log. Jul 10, 2014 4:37:25 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:38:28 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Repository successfully dropped Jul 10, 2014 4:38:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:42:47 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Repository successfully created Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully FINISHED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:42:47 PM
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emca -config dbcontrol db STARTED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:47:43 PM EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter the following information: Database SID: xgdb Listener port number: 1521 Listener ORACLE_HOME [ /oracle/11.2.0 ]: Password for SYS user: Password for DBSNMP user: Password for SYSMAN user: Email address for notifications (optional): Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional): ----------------------------------------------------------------- You have specified the following settings Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /oracle/11.2.0 Local hostname ................ localhost Listener ORACLE_HOME ................ /oracle/11.2.0 Listener port number ................ 1521 Database SID ................ xgdb Email address for notifications ............... Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ............... ----------------------------------------------------------------- Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: y Jul 10, 2014 4:48:05 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform INFO: This operation is being logged at /oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/xgdb/emca_2014_07_10_16_47_43.log. Jul 10, 2014 4:48:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig uploadConfigDataToRepository INFO: Uploading configuration data to EM repository (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:49:06 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke INFO: Uploaded configuration data successfully Jul 10, 2014 4:49:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil configureSoftwareLib INFO: Software library configured successfully. Jul 10, 2014 4:49:08 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary INFO: Deploying Provisioning archives ... Jul 10, 2014 4:49:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary INFO: Provisioning archives deployed successfully. Jul 10, 2014 4:49:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole INFO: Securing Database Control (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:50:11 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole INFO: Database Control secured successfully. Jul 10, 2014 4:50:11 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ... Jul 10, 2014 4:50:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration INFO: Database Control started successfully Jul 10, 2014 4:50:29 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is https://localhost:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<< Jul 10, 2014 4:50:34 PM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig invoke WARNING: ************************ WARNING ************************ Management Repository has been placed in secure mode wherein Enterprise Manager data will be encrypted. The encryption key has been placed in the file: /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/config/emkey.ora. Please ensure this file is backed up as the encrypted data will become unusable if this file is lost. *********************************************************** Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully FINISHED EMCA at Jul 10, 2014 4:50:34 PM
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl status dbconsole; Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is running. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Logs are generated in directory /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/log [oracle@db001 ~]$
[oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ... ... Stopped. [oracle@db001 ~]$ emctl start dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://localhost:1158/em/console/aboutApplication Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ........ started. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Logs are generated in directory /oracle/11.2.0/localhost_xgdb/sysman/log
命令行界面下使用emca安装配置Oracle Database Control实战,布布扣,bubuko.com
命令行界面下使用emca安装配置Oracle Database Control实战
标签：style blog http java 使用 strong
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/smstong/article/details/37659397
