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入门级的按键驱动——按键驱动笔记之poll机制-异步通知-同步互斥阻塞-定时器防抖

时间:2015-08-20 22:16:30      阅读:201      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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文章对应视频的第12课,第5、6、7、8节。

在这之前还有查询方式的驱动编写,中断方式的驱动编写,这篇文章中暂时没有这些类容。但这篇文章是以这些为基础写的,前面的内容有空补上。

 

按键驱动——按下按键,打印键值:

目录

  1. 概要
  2. poll机制
  3. 异步通知
  4. 同步互斥阻塞
  5. 定时器防抖

概要:

查询方式: 12-3
缺点:占用CPU99%的资源。
中断方式:12-4
缺点:调用read函数后如果没有按键按下,该函数永远不会结束,一直在等待按键按下。
优点:使用到了休眠机制,占用cpu资源极少。
poll机制: 12-5
优点:可以设置超时时间,来结束read函数。
缺点:需要主动去调用read函数来获取按键值。
同步互斥阻塞:12-7
优点:引入了原子操作、信号量,使得按键驱动同一时间只能有一个应用使用
异步通知:12-6
优点:当有按键按下时,可以主动通知应用程序,这样就不不需要应用程序主动调用read函数来获取按键值。
定时器防抖: 12-8
引入了系统中断xxx,每隔10ms xxx变量将自动加1。


poll机制:

目标:测试程序调用poll,如果5秒内有按键按下,则返回键值,如果没有按键按下则退出程序。
/********/
poll机制:
步骤:
/********/
一、将third全部替换成tourth。
二、添加poll机制需要的头文件:
#include <linux/poll.h>
三、在file_operations结构中增加poll函数:
.poll = forth_drv_poll,
四、编写poll函数:
static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

return mask;
}
完整测试程序请看下面:polldrv

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    polldrv    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *forthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *forthdrv_class_dev;


static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,forth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};


/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int forth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t forth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int forth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}



static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  forth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    forth_drv_read,       
    .release =  forth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  forth_drv_poll,
};


int major;
static int forth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    forthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "forth_drv");

    forthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(forthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    return 0;
}

static void forth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "forth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(forthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(forthdrv_class);
    return 0;
}


module_init(forth_drv_init);

module_exit(forth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
polldrv

 

测试程序:
1.在thirtest中修改,增加头文件 #include <poll.h>
2.在虚拟机中输入 man poll ,查看poll 的用法。
3.使用此函数调用驱动程序中的poll函数:int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
返回值: 0表示有超时。
参数一:pollfd结构,用来保存需要查询的文件、参数。不太懂。
struct pollfd {
int fd; /* file descriptor */
short events; /* requested events */
short revents; /* returned events */
};
参数二:查询的文件数,fds为一个结构数组,存放需要查询的文件,本程序中为1,
参数三:超时时间,单位毫秒 5000ms=5s
4.定义上述函数的返回值、第一个参数struct pollfd *fds,并设置pollfd结构:
int ret; //存放返回值
struct pollfd fds[1];
fds[0].fd = fd;
fds[0].events = POLLIN; //该事件的含义是:There is data to read.(有要读取的数据)
5.调用poll:
ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);
6.判断是否有超时,并打印相关数据:
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("time out\n");
}
else
{
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
完整测试程序请看下面:polltest

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    polltest    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>


/* forthdrvtest 
  */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;

    struct pollfd fds[1];
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can‘t open!\n");
    }

    fds[0].fd     = fd;
    fds[0].events = POLLIN;
    while (1)
    {
        ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);
        if (ret == 0)
        {
            printf("time out\n");
        }
        else
        {
            read(fd, &key_val, 1);
            printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}
polltest


异步通知:
目标:当按键按下时,驱动程序通知应用程序,
1、应用程序注册信号处理函数。
2、谁发、发给谁:驱动发信号给应用程序。
3、应用告诉驱动应用的PID是多少。
4、怎么发;kill_fasyn
/**************************/
异步通知 信号(signal):
步骤:
/**************************/
发信号简介:
kill -9 PID(进程号)可以杀死某个进程
发送方 内容 接收方
写一个进程通信的例子:
用 man signal 查看signal怎么使用
#include <signal.h>
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
static int cnt = 0 ;
printf("signal = %d , %d time\n" , signum , ++cnt);
}

int main(int argc , char **argv)
{
signal(SIGUSR1, my_signal_fun);
while (1)
{
sleep(1000);
}
return 0;
}

编译:arm-linux-gcc -o signal signal.c
./signal //运行
PS //查看进程号
kill -USR1 xxx
kill -10 xxx

异步通知的要点:
1.注册信号处理函数
2.谁发
3.发给谁
4.怎么发
转化成代码:
1、应用程序注册信号处理函数。
2、谁发、发给谁:驱动发信号给应用程序。
3、应用程序告诉驱动应用程序的PID是多少。
4、怎么发:kill_fasync

驱动编写:
1、在forth_drv的基础上编写,将forth替换成fifth。
2、在file_operations结构中增加一个函数:
.fasync = fifth_drv_fasync,
3、定义fasync_struct结构体
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
4、实现该函数,当应用程序调用fcntl(fd,F_SETFL, oflags | FASYNC );时,内核就得到应用程序的PID。
当标志位发生改变时此函数将被调用,初始化fasync_struct结构体,该结构体中有PID信息。(好像是这样的,不明白)
static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}
5、在中断处理函数中发送信号给应用程序:
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);

完整代码请看下面:fifth_drv.c

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    fifth_drv.c:    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *fifthdrv_class_dev;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,fifth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;

struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}

int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  fifth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    fifth_drv_read,       
    .release =  fifth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  fifth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  fifth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");

    fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    return 0;
}

static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
    return 0;
}

module_init(fifth_drv_init);
module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
fifth_drv.c

 

测试程序请看下面:fifth_test.c

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    fifth_test.c:    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

/* fifthdrvtest 
  */
int fd;
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;

    signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can‘t open!\n");
    }

    fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
    
    Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
    
    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);


    while (1)
    {
        sleep(1000);
    }    
    return 0;
}
//关于 fcntl 可以参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/lonelycatcher/archive/2011/12/22/2297349.html
//我没看明白
fifth_test.c

 

原子操作、信号量
/********************/
同步互斥阻塞:12-7:
原子操作、信号量
步骤:
/********************/
原子相关:
原子操作的相关函数:
atomic_t v=ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量v并初始化为1
atomic_read(atomic_t *v); //返回原子变量的值/
void atomic_inc(&v); //自增1
void atomic_dec(&v); //自减1
atomic_dec_and_test(&v); //自减操作后测试其指是否为0,为0返回true,否则返回false

1、添加一个一个原子变量:atomic_t canopen=ATOMIC_INIT(1);
2、在open函数中增加一段判断代码:
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
{
atomic_inc(&canopen);
return -EBUSY; //当已经有应用程序打开该文件了,就返回忙
}
3、在close 中把变量加回来:
void atomic_inc(&canopen);

信号量相关:
信号量(semaphore):
用于保护临界区的一种常用方法,只有得到信号得信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量是,进程进入休眠等待状态。
信号量的相关函数:
定义信号量:struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量:
void sema_init(struct semaphore * sem, int val);
void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore * sem);
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义互斥锁
获得信号量:
void down(struct semaphore * sem)
void down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem)
void down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem)

释放信号量:
void up(struct semaphore *sem)

步骤和原子操作一样,都是定义一个信号量、在open中申请信号量、在close中释放
使用信号量与使用原子操作的区别在于,
当使用原子操作时,第二次申请失败后程序将退出,
而使用信号量的时候第二次申请失败时,进程将被挂起,等待其他程序释放该信号量,
当有其他程序释放该信号量时,此程序将被唤醒。


阻塞与非阻塞:
当应用程序选择阻塞方式访问驱动时,应用申请不到信号量将等待其他程序释放信号量
当应用程序选择非阻塞方式访问驱动时,应用申请不到信号量或没有按键触发时将直接退出,不会去等待信号量与按键触发
1、在open函数中增加判断,判断传入的参数是阻塞还是非阻塞:
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
return -EBUSY;
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}
2、在read函数中也增加判断:
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}


完整代码请看下面:sixth_drv.c

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    sixth_drv.c:    ***********************************/
/**************************************************************/    
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *sixthdrv_class_dev;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量并初始化为1

static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    unsigned int pinval;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
    
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0    
    if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
    {
        atomic_inc(&canopen);
        return -EBUSY;
    }
#endif        

    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
            return -EBUSY;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 获取信号量 */
        down(&button_lock);
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (!ev_press)
            return -EAGAIN;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
        wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
    }

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //atomic_inc(&canopen);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    up(&button_lock);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  sixth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    sixth_drv_read,       
    .release =  sixth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  sixth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  sixth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
    major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");

    sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    return 0;
}

static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
    return 0;
}


module_init(sixth_drv_init);

module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
sixth_drv.c

 

测试程序:
测试程序中打开驱动文件是可以传入一个阻塞非阻塞的参数,驱动程序中将会对其判断
非阻塞: fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR );
阻塞: fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
完整代码请看下面:sixth_test.c

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    sixth_test.c:    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/    

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


/* sixthdrvtest 
  */
int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    read(fd, &key_val, 1);
    printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    unsigned char key_val;
    int ret;
    int Oflags;

    //signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
    
    fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("can‘t open!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    //fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
    
    //Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); 
    
    //fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);


    while (1)
    {
        ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
        printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
        sleep(5);
    }
    
    return 0;
}
sixth_test.c

 

定时器防抖
/********************/
定时器防抖 12-8
/********************/
定时器两要素:
1、超时时间。2、超时处理函数
步骤:
1、定义一个timer:static struct timer_list buttons_timer;
2、在init函数中初始化timer,设置timer:
init_timer(&buttons_timer); //初始化
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function; //超时处理函数
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;
add_timer(&buttons_timer); //将定时器告诉内核
3、在中断处理函数中增加:
/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100); //设置超时时间,如果抖动了,该函数将被重新调用,即重新设置超时时间
//jiffies为系统时钟中断,每隔10ms将自增1。可以 cat /proc/interrupts查看到一个Timer Tick
4、并将原来的irq函数里的内容放到超时处理函数中。
5、因为init函数中,设置timer是没有设置超时时间,即默认超时时间为0,即设置好后将立即调用超时函数,所以需要在超时函数中增加一个判断:
if (!pindesc)
return;
//pindesc在irq中设置了,当没有发生中断,而进入该函数,就直接返回。

完整代码请看下面:buttuns_alldrv.c

技术分享
/**************************************************************/
/****    buttuns_alldrv.c:    ***************************************/
/**************************************************************/    
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>


static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device    *sixthdrv_class_dev;

static struct timer_list buttons_timer;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


struct pin_desc{
    unsigned int pin;
    unsigned int key_val;
};


/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
    {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
    {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
    {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
    {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

static struct pin_desc *irq_pd;

//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量并初始化为1

static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁

/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
    /* 10ms后启动定时器 */
    irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
    mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0    
    if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
    {
        atomic_inc(&canopen);
        return -EBUSY;
    }
#endif        

    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
            return -EBUSY;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 获取信号量 */
        down(&button_lock);
    }

    /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
    /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
    request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);    

    return 0;
}

ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
    if (size != 1)
        return -EINVAL;

    if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
    {
        if (!ev_press)
            return -EAGAIN;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
        wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
    }

    /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
    copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
    ev_press = 0;
    
    return 1;
}


int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    //atomic_inc(&canopen);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
    free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
    up(&button_lock);
    return 0;
}

static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
    unsigned int mask = 0;
    poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

    if (ev_press)
        mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

    return mask;
}

static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
    printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
    return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}


static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
    .owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =  sixth_drv_open,     
    .read     =    sixth_drv_read,       
    .release =  sixth_drv_close,
    .poll    =  sixth_drv_poll,
    .fasync     =  sixth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;

static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
    struct pin_desc * pindesc = irq_pd;
    unsigned int pinval;

    if (!pindesc)
        return;
    
    pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

    if (pinval)
    {
        /* 松开 */
        key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
    }
    else
    {
        /* 按下 */
        key_val = pindesc->key_val;
    }

    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
    
    kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}


static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
    init_timer(&buttons_timer);
    buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;
    //buttons_timer.expires  = 0;
    add_timer(&buttons_timer); 

    major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

    sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");

    sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

    return 0;
}

static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
    unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
    class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
    class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
    return 0;
}

module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
buttuns_alldrv.c

 

代码都是韦老师的,自己有好几处都不是很明白。我是纯新手,里面肯定有好多地方理解错了,暂时先这样写。如果看到我写错了,希望各位千万要指出来,感谢!

入门级的按键驱动——按键驱动笔记之poll机制-异步通知-同步互斥阻塞-定时器防抖

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wwwying9/p/4746272.html

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