rpm包：
RPM 全名是『 RedHat Package Manager 』简称则为 RPM。RPM 是以一种数据库记录的方式来将你所需要的套件安装到你的 Linux 主机的一套管理程序。他最大的特点就是将您要安装的套件先编译过( 如果需要的话 )并且打包好了，透过包装好的套件里头预设的数据库记录，记录这个套件要安装的时候必须要的相依属性模块( 就是你的 Linux 主机需要先存在的几个必须的套件 )，当安装在你的 Linux 主机时, RPM 会先依照套件里头的纪录数据查询 Linux 主机的相依属性套件是否满足， 若满足则予以安装，若不满足则不予安装。那么安装的时候就将该套件的信息整个写入 RPM 的数据库中，以便未来的查询、验证与反安装！这样一来的优点是：
1. 由于已经编译完成并且打包完毕，所以安装上很方便( 不需要再重新编译 )；
2. 由于套件的信息都已经记录在 Linux 主机的数据库上，很方便查询、升级与反安装；
缺点是：
1. 安装的环境必须与打包时的环境需求一致或相当；
2. 需要满足套件的相依属性需求；
3. 反安装时需要特别小心，最底层的套件不可先移除，否则可能造成整个系统的问题！
程序包的组成部分：
二进制程序：/bin, /sbin,/ /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,
库文件：/lib64, /usr/lib64
配置文件：/etc
帮助文件：manual, info,
分包机制：
testapp-VERSION.tar.gz
核心包：testapp-VERSION
支包：testapp-devel-VERSION
VERSION：major.minor.release
base-4.2.4.tar.gz
rpm包的命名机制：
name-VERSION-RELEASE.ARCH.rpm
zsh-5.0.2-7.el7.x86_64.rpm zsh:包的名字 5.0.2：版本号 7.e17:这个软件包的发行商版本，本包为rhel7或者centos7上使用 x86_64:支持系统硬件平台 rpm：包的类型.rpm是编译好的二进制包，可用rpm命令直接安装；.src.rpm表示是源
bash-devel-4.2.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
devel:为开发版本 除此之外，还有其他的几个参数选项： noarch：说明这样的软件包可以在任何平台上安装，不需要特定的硬件平台。在任何硬件平台上都可以运行。 manual 手册文档。
RELEASE: rpm release
包和包之间：有可能存在依赖关系：
X --> Y x包是Y包安装的先决条件
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] package vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 is already installed [root@localhost Packages]#
rpm数据库：/var/lib/rpm/
如何获取rpm包：
1、发行版提供的程序包；一般在光盘镜像的Packages文件夹下
2、Fedora-EPEL
3、项目的官方站点
4、搜索引擎
http://rpmfind.net
http://rpm.pbone.net
http://pkgs.org
CentOS识别光盘用的设备文件：/dev/cdrom
基于rpm命令实现程序包管理：
安装：
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
-i:
-v：显示详细过程，-vv, -vvv
-h：每个rpm包都提供一个或多个capabilities
--nodeps：忽略依赖关系安装
--replacepkgs：重装程序包
升级：
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
-Uvh: 如果有旧版程序包，则升级之；如果没有，则安装之；
-Fvh: 如果有旧版程序包，则升级之；如果没有，则不安装；
--nodeps
--oldpackage：降级；
--force：
卸载：
rpm {-e|--erase} [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
查询：
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
查询选项：
-qa: 查询本机已经安装的所有程序包；
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qa vsftpd vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost Packages]#
-qf /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE: 查询此处的文件由哪个程序包安装生成；
-qc: 查询指定程序包安装生成的配置文件
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qc vsftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
-qd: 查询指定的程序包安装生成的文档
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qd vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/AUDIT /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BENCHMARKS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BUGS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/Changelog /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/FAQ /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README.security /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/REWARD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/DESIGN /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/TRUST /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SIZE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SPEED /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TODO /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TUNING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
-qi: 查询指定的程序包的相关信息；
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qi vsftpd Name : vsftpd Version : 3.0.2 Release : 9.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sun 13 Sep 2015 01:41:34 PM CST Group : System Environment/Daemons Size : 351462 License : GPLv2 with exceptions Signature : RSA/SHA256, Thu 03 Apr 2014 05:54:58 AM CST, Key ID 199e2f91fd431d51 Source RPM : vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.src.rpm Build Date : Fri 07 Mar 2014 05:58:22 PM CST Build Host : x86-025.build.eng.bos.redhat.com Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> Vendor : Red Hat, Inc. URL : https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html Summary : Very Secure Ftp Daemon Description : vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from scratch.
-ql: 查询程序包安装生成的所有文件的列表；
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ql vsftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh /usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/vsftpd-generator /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.target /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service /usr/sbin/vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/AUDIT /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BENCHMARKS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BUGS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/Changelog /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/FAQ /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README.security /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/REWARD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/DESIGN /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/TRUST /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SIZE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SPEED /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TODO /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TUNING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz /var/ftp /var/ftp/pub
-q --scripts：查询程序包相关的脚本：
preinstall: 安装前脚本
postinstall：安装后脚本
preuninstall: 卸载前脚本
postuninstall: 卸载后脚本
-p: 查询针对是未安装的程序包文件；
校验：
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs
P caPabilities differ
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm --verify vsftpd [root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ql vsftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh /usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/vsftpd-generator /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.target /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service /usr/sbin/vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/AUDIT /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BENCHMARKS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/BUGS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/Changelog /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/FAQ /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/README.security /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/REWARD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/DESIGN /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SECURITY/TRUST /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SIZE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/SPEED /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TODO /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/TUNING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-3.0.2/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz /var/ftp /var/ftp/pub [root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list [root@localhost Packages]# rpm --verify vsftpd S.5....T. c /etc/vsftpd/user_list
包校验：
来源合法性验正：非对称加密
完整性验正：单向加密
导入密钥：rpm --import /PATH/TO/KEY_FILE
校验：rpm -K /PATH/TO/RPM_FILE
YUM: Yellowdog Updater Modified
yum repositories:
文件服务器：
ftp://hostname/PATH/TO/REPO
http://hostname/PATH/TO/REPO
file:///PATH/TO/REPO
yum程序的配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf
定义全局配置：对所有仓库都适用的配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
一个文件通常用于一个或一组功能相近或相关的仓库
定义一个仓库指向：
[REPO_ID]
name=
baseurl=
# mirrorlist=SCHEME://HOSTNAME/PATH/TO/MIRROR_LIST_FILE
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=
cost=
定义仓库指向可用变量：
$releasever: 引用当前系统的主版本号；
$basearch: 当前系统的基本架构；
i386, i486, i586, i686: i386
http://mirrors.magedu.com/CentOS/$releasever/os/$basearch
yum命令：
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
命令：
安装：install
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -e vsftpd warning: /etc/vsftpd/user_list saved as /etc/vsftpd/user_list.rpmsave [root@localhost Packages]# yum install -y vsftp Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. No package vsftp available. Error: Nothing to do [root@localhost Packages]# yum install -y vsftp* Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Examining vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 Marking vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don‘t work you‘ll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help). --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-9.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================== Installing: vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-9.el7 /vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 343 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 343 k Installed size: 343 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-9.el7 Complete! [root@localhost Packages]#
卸载：remove
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove vsftpd -y Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Resolving Dependencies There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don‘t work you‘ll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help). --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-9.el7 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution yum | 4.1 kB 00:00 yum/group_gz | 134 kB 00:00 yum/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00 Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================== Removing: vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-9.el7 @/vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 343 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================== Remove 1 Package Installed size: 343 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 1/1 Removed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-9.el7 Complete! [root@localhost ~]#
升级：update
[root@localhost Packages]# yum update vsftpd* -y Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Examining vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64 vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: does not update installed package. No packages marked for update [root@localhost Packages]#
查询：
info
[root@localhost ~]# yum info ftp Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Installed Packages Name : ftp Arch : x86_64 Version : 0.17 Release : 66.el7 Size : 96 k Repo : installed From repo : /ftp-0.17-66.el7.x86_64 Summary : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client URL : ftp://ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/Networking/netkit License : BSD with advertising Description : The ftp package provides the standard UNIX command-line FTP : (File Transfer Protocol) client. FTP is a widely used : protocol for transferring files over the Internet and for : archiving files. : : If your system is on a network, you should install ftp in : order to do file transfers.
search KEYWORD
list all|installed|availiable
provides /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE: 查询指定文件由哪个包安装生成
重新安装：reinstall
降级：downgrade
清理缓存：clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
生动生成缓存：makecache
包组：
grouplist
groupinfo "GRP_NAME"
groupinstall "GRP_NAME"
groupremove "GRP_NAME"
仓库：
repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
repoinfo [all|enabled|disabled]
如何使用光盘当做本地仓库：
挂载光盘至某目录
定义仓库，使用file:///指明其访问路径；
创建本地仓库：
yum install createrepo
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /home/aa [root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@localhost mnt]# ls addons images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release EFI isolinux release-notes TRANS.TBL EULA LiveOS repodata GPL media.repo RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta [root@localhost mnt]# cp -R * /home/aa/ [root@localhost mnt]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 358 May 15 15:19 redhat.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 May 15 15:19 aa.repo [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat aa.repo [aa] name=aa baseurl=file:///home/aa/ gpgcheck=0 enable=1 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install createrepo Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Package createrepo-0.9.9-23.el7.noarch already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
createrepo /PATH/TO/RPMFILES/
原文地址：http://canshan.blog.51cto.com/2613522/1694336
