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hadoop支持命令行操作HDFS文件系统,并且支持shell-like命令与HDFS文件系统交互,对于大多数程序猿/媛来说,shell-like命令行操作都是比较熟悉的,其实这也是Hadoop的极大便利之一,至少对于想熟悉乃至尽快熟练操作HDFS的人来说。
由于平时在工作中经常用到Hadoop Shell命令来操作HDFS上的文件,有时候因为Hadoop Shell命令不熟悉,需要重新查找;或者需要某个命令的参数;再或者需要知晓相似命令的差异;于是便有了本文,对于Hadoop Shell命令的总结,方便自己以后得工作,也算是对类似工作的总结。
hadoop fs FsShell Usage: java FsShell [-ls <path>] [-lsr <path>] [-df [<path>]] [-du <path>] [-dus <path>] [-count[-q] <path>] [-mv <src> <dst>] [-cp <src> <dst>] [-rm [-skipTrash] <path>] [-rmr [-skipTrash] <path>] [-expunge] [-put <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>] [-get [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-getmerge <src> <localdst> [addnl]] [-cat <src>] [-text <src>] [-copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-mkdir <path>] [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path/file>] [-touchz <path>] [-test -[ezd] <path>] [-stat [format] <path>] [-snapshot <path>] [-tail [-f] <file>] [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...] [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...] [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...] [-help [cmd]]
下面详细解释一下命令的操作,这些命令和Unix下的命令差不多,有些看了就明白其含义了。
hadoop fs -ls <path>
返回文件path的统计信息,信息包括:
permissions number_of_replicas userid groupid filesize modification_date modification_time filename
hadoop fs -lsr <path>
这个是ls的recursive版本,类似于ls -R命令和ls的区别。
hadoop fs -du URI
显示文件的大小。
hadoop fs -dus URI
类似于du -s:显示文件及其子目录的总体大小。
hadoop fs -df <path>
显示Hadoop所使用的文件系统的大小。
hadoop fs -count [-q] <path>
显示path 下的目录数量,文件大小等信息。默认情况下显示一下信息:
DIR_COUNT, FILE_COUNT, CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME
添加-q信息后,输出的信息更多:
QUOTA, REMAINING_QUATA, SPACE_QUOTA, REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA, DIR_COUNT, FILE_COUNT, CONTENT_SIZE, FILE_NAME
hadoop fs -mv <src> <dst>
从src移动到dst,允许多个源移动到同一个dst,dst必须是目录。
hadoop fs -cp <src> ... <dst>
拷贝多个源到dst,限制是dst必须是目录。
hadoop fs -rm [-skipTrash] <path>
删除文件,不能删除目录
-skipTrash:直接删除文件,不再往.Trash里面放。
hadoop fs -rmr [-skipTrash] <path>
这个能够迭代删除目录及其下面的文件
-skipTrash:直接删除文件,不再往.Trash里面放。
hadoop fs -expunge
When a file is deleted by a user or an application, it is not immediately removed from HDFS. Instead, HDFS first renames it to a file in the /trash directory. The file can be restored quickly as long as it remains in /trash. A file remains in /trash for a configurable amount of time. After the expiry of its life in /trash, the NameNode deletes the file from the HDFS namespace. The deletion of a file causes the blocks associated with the file to be freed. Note that there could be an appreciable time delay between the time a file is deleted by a user and the time of the corresponding increase in free space in HDFS.
A user can Undelete a file after deleting it as long as it remains in the /trash directory. If a user wants to undelete a file that he/she has deleted, he/she can navigate the /trash directory and retrieve the file. The /trash directory contains only the latest copy of the file that was deleted. The /trash directory is just like any other directory with one special feature: HDFS applies specified policies to automatically delete files from this directory. The current default policy is to delete files from /trash that are more than 6 hours old. In the future, this policy will be configurable through a well defined interface.
文件传输:
hadoop fs -put <localsrc> ... <dst>
复制单个、或者多个本地FS的目录或者文件到目标文件系统。
hadoop fs -copyFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>
和put命令类似,唯一的限制是src必须是本地的文件。
hadoop fs -moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>
和put命令类似,这个命令会在localsrc执行完成后,删除本地的文件,注意是删除本地的文件。
hadoop fs -get [-ignoreCrc] <localsrc> ... <dst>
拷贝FS上的src到本地的dst目录
-ignoreCrc:拷贝时忽略crc检验,如果想拷贝CRCs,需要添加-crc参数。
hadoop fs -getmerge <src> <localdst> [addnl]
src是源目录,localdst是本地目标文件,将源目录的所有文件连接成本地目标文件。addnl是可选的,用于指定在每个文件结尾添加一个换行符。
hadoop fs -cat <src>
将src的内容输出到stdout,和Unix下面的cat功能类似。
hadoop fs -text <src>
把src文件按照text输出,zip或者TextRecordInputStream格式的也可以按照text输出。
hadoop fs -copyToLocal [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>
和get命令类似,唯一的限制是dst必须是本地文件系统的文件。
hadoop fs -moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>
输出:‘-moveToLocal‘ is not implemented yet,还没有实现。
hadoop fs -mkdir <path>
创建path文件夹,如果path的父目录不存在,会迭代创建,类似于mkdir -p命令。
hadoop fs -setrep [-R] <rep> <path/file>
修改HDFS文件或者目录的Replication数目,对于重要的文件,需要增加副本数目,确保不会丢失或者损坏。
-R参数表示迭代更新,目录下面的副本数目同时更新。
hadoop fs -touchz <path>
创建一个大小为0的文件。
hadoop fs -test -[ezd] <path>
测试文件的目录属性,-e:测试文件是否存在;-z:文件大小是否为0;-d:测试是否是目录。
hadoop fs -stat [format] <path>
返回目录的统计信息。
hadoop fs -tail [-f] <file>
显示文件的最后1kb信息,-f参数和Unix下面的参数一样。
hadoop fs -chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH... hadoop fs -chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH... hadoop fs -chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...
这三个是权限操作命令,和Unix命令下的功能类似。
Hadoop Shell命令还是比较简单的,只是其中的差别必须等到用的时候才能体会,本文只是做个备忘,将工作中常用的命令整理下。
转自:http://isilic.iteye.com/blog/1770036
Hadoop Shell命令大全,布布扣,bubuko.com
标签:des style blog http java color
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/houkai/p/3848089.html