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R与数据分析旧笔记(一)基本数学函数的使用

时间:2015-10-09 22:38:36      阅读:263      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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  • 创建向量矩阵

> x1=c(2,3,6,8)
> x2=c(1,2,3,4)
> a1=(1:100)
> length(a1)
[1] 100
> length(x1)
[1] 4
> mode(x1)
[1] "numeric"
> rbind(x1,x2)
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
x1    2    3    6    8
x2    1    2    3    4
> cbind(x1,x2)
     x1 x2
[1,]  2  1
[2,]  3  2
[3,]  6  3
[4,]  8  4
  •  求平均值,和,连乘,最值,方差,标准差

> mean(x1)
[1] 4.75
> sum(x1)
[1] 19
> max(x1)
[1] 8
> min(x1)
[1] 2
> var(x1)
[1] 7.583333
> prod(x1)
[1] 288
> sd(x1)
[1] 2.753785
  •  产生向量

> 1:10
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
> 1:10-1
 [1] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> 1:10*2
 [1]  2  4  6  8 10 12 14 16 18 20
> a=2:60*2+1
> a
 [1]   5   7   9  11  13  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  31  33  35  37  39  41
[20]  43  45  47  49  51  53  55  57  59  61  63  65  67  69  71  73  75  77  79
[39]  81  83  85  87  89  91  93  95  97  99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117
[58] 119 121
> a[5]
[1] 13
> a[-5]
 [1]   5   7   9  11  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  31  33  35  37  39  41  43
[20]  45  47  49  51  53  55  57  59  61  63  65  67  69  71  73  75  77  79  81
[39]  83  85  87  89  91  93  95  97  99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119
[58] 121
> a[c(2,3,8)]
[1]  7  9 19
> a[a<20]
[1]  5  7  9 11 13 15 17 19
> a[a[3]]
[1] 21
> seq(6,20)
 [1]  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
> seq(5,121,by=2)
 [1]   5   7   9  11  13  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  31  33  35  37  39  41
[20]  43  45  47  49  51  53  55  57  59  61  63  65  67  69  71  73  75  77  79
[39]  81  83  85  87  89  91  93  95  97  99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117
[58] 119 121
> seq(5,121,length=10)
 [1]   5.00000  17.88889  30.77778  43.66667  56.55556  69.44444  82.33333
 [8]  95.22222 108.11111 121.00000
  •  新建向量

> a=c(2,3,4,2,3,2,1,4,3,2,1)
> which.max(a)
[1] 3
> a[which.max(a)]
[1] 4
> which(a==2)
[1]  1  4  6 10
> a[which(a==2)]
[1] 2 2 2 2
> which(a>5)
integer(0)
> a[which(a>5)]
numeric(0)
> a=1:20
> a
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
> rev(a)
 [1] 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
> a=c(2,3,4,5,6,6,7,8,3,2)
> sort(a)
 [1] 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 8
> rev(sort(a))
 [1] 8 7 6 6 5 4 3 3 2 2
  •  生成矩阵

> a1=c(1:12)
> matrix(a1,nrow=3,ncol=4)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    4    7   10
[2,]    2    5    8   11
[3,]    3    6    9   12
> matrix(a1,nrow=4,ncol=3)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    5    9
[2,]    2    6   10
[3,]    3    7   11
[4,]    4    8   12
> matrix(a1,nrow=4,ncol=3,byrow=T)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    3
[2,]    4    5    6
[3,]    7    8    9
[4,]   10   11   12
  •  矩阵运算

矩阵相加

> a=matrix(1:12,nrow=3,ncol=4)
> t(a)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    1    2    3
[2,]    4    5    6
[3,]    7    8    9
[4,]   10   11   12
> a=b=matrix(1:12,nrow=3,ncol=4)
> a+b
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    8   14   20
[2,]    4   10   16   22
[3,]    6   12   18   24
> a-b
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    0    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0    0

 矩阵相乘

> a=matrix(1:12,nrow=3,ncol=4)
> b=matrix(1:12,nrow=4,ncol=3)
> a%*%b
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]   70  158  246
[2,]   80  184  288
[3,]   90  210  330
> a=matrix(1:16,nrow=4,ncol=4)
> a
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    5    9   13
[2,]    2    6   10   14
[3,]    3    7   11   15
[4,]    4    8   12   16
> diag(a)
[1]  1  6 11 16
> diag(diag(a))
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    0    0    0
[2,]    0    6    0    0
[3,]    0    0   11    0
[4,]    0    0    0   16
> diag(4)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    0    0    0
[2,]    0    1    0    0
[3,]    0    0    1    0
[4,]    0    0    0    1

 矩阵求逆

> a=matrix(rnorm(16),4,4)
> a
             [,1]        [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,] -1.604650746 -2.22482987  1.5094439  1.0070701
[2,]  0.006409861 -0.01506928 -0.6651050 -1.9342548
[3,] -1.606959408 -0.49430092 -0.9376593  0.1979031
[4,]  0.422441416 -0.33201336  0.3848287  1.1256368
> solve(a)
           [,1]       [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,] -0.1426715  0.5944611 -0.1676185  1.1786143
[2,] -0.1804919 -0.9604913 -0.2055298 -1.4528592
[3,]  0.3168603 -0.5776493 -0.6252734 -1.1661647
[4,] -0.1080209 -0.3089139  0.2160497  0.4162172

 解线性方程组

> a=matrix(rnorm(16),4,4)
> a
             [,1]        [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,] -1.604650746 -2.22482987  1.5094439  1.0070701
[2,]  0.006409861 -0.01506928 -0.6651050 -1.9342548
[3,] -1.606959408 -0.49430092 -0.9376593  0.1979031
[4,]  0.422441416 -0.33201336  0.3848287  1.1256368
> solve(a)
           [,1]       [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,] -0.1426715  0.5944611 -0.1676185  1.1786143
[2,] -0.1804919 -0.9604913 -0.2055298 -1.4528592
[3,]  0.3168603 -0.5776493 -0.6252734 -1.1661647
[4,] -0.1080209 -0.3089139  0.2160497  0.4162172
> a=matrix(rnorm(16),4,4)
> a
           [,1]       [,2]        [,3]        [,4]
[1,]  1.0451867 -0.2426553 -0.51232551 -0.12062549
[2,] -1.5518006 -0.1333096  0.03677731 -0.10715366
[3,] -1.0620249 -1.3160312  0.01713207  0.09320016
[4,] -0.6664664  2.2398778  1.94861889  0.01788447
> b=c(1:4)
> b
[1] 1 2 3 4
> solve(a,b)
[1]   0.9840158  -4.6924392   8.0064010 -24.3295023

 矩阵的特征值与特征向量

> a=diag(4)+1
> a
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    1    1    1
[2,]    1    2    1    1
[3,]    1    1    2    1
[4,]    1    1    1    2
> a.e=eigen(a,symmetric=T)
> a.e
$values
[1] 5 1 1 1

$vectors
     [,1]       [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,] -0.5  0.8660254  0.0000000  0.0000000
[2,] -0.5 -0.2886751 -0.5773503 -0.5773503
[3,] -0.5 -0.2886751 -0.2113249  0.7886751
[4,] -0.5 -0.2886751  0.7886751 -0.2113249

> a.e$vectors%*%diag(a.e$values)%*%t(a.e$vectors)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    1    1    1
[2,]    1    2    1    1
[3,]    1    1    2    1
[4,]    1    1    1    2
  •  数据框

> x1=c(10,13,14,23,43)
> x2=c(12,35,35,67,54)
> x=data.frame(x1,x2)
> x
  x1 x2
1 10 12
2 13 35
3 14 35
4 23 67
5 43 54
> plot(x)#散点图

 技术分享

  • 读文本文件

(x=read.table("abc.txt"))
#读剪贴板
y=read.table("clipboard",header=F)
y
z=read.table("clipboard",header=T)
z
  •  循环语句

for语句

> for(i in 1:59) {a[i]=1*2+3}
> a
 [1] 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
[39] 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
> 
> b=0
> for(i in 1:59) {a[i]=i*2+3;b[i]=i*5-4}
> b
 [1]   1   6  11  16  21  26  31  36  41  46  51  56  61  66  71  76  81  86  91
[20]  96 101 106 111 116 121 126 131 136 141 146 151 156 161 166 171 176 181 186
[39] 191 196 201 206 211 216 221 226 231 236 241 246 251 256 261 266 271 276 281
[58] 286 291

 while语句

a[1]=5
> i=1
> while(a[i]<121) {i=i+1;a[i]=a[i-1]+2}
> a
 [1]   5   7   9  11  13  15  17  19  21  23  25  27  29  31  33  35  37  39  41
[20]  43  45  47  49  51  53  55  57  59  61  63  65  67  69  71  73  75  77  79
[39]  81  83  85  87  89  91  93  95  97  99 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117
[58] 119 121
  •  R脚本引用



source()
print()

 

R与数据分析旧笔记(一)基本数学函数的使用

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/XBlack/p/4865218.html

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