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系统级I/O 第八周11.9~11.15

时间:2015-11-15 18:56:30      阅读:283      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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第十章 系统级I/O

cp1

#include        <stdio.h>
#include        <stdlib.h>
#include        <unistd.h>
#include        <fcntl.h>

#define BUFFERSIZE      4096//定义存储器容量
#define COPYMODE        0644//定义复制的长度

void oops(char *, char *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int in_fd, out_fd, n_chars;//三个描述符值
    char buf[BUFFERSIZE];//存储器位置

    /*cp的参数有两个,分别是要复制的文件,和目的目录,这样一共应该是有三个操作数
    所以要先检查argc的值是否为三,如果不是,返回标准错误*/
    if (argc != 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s source destination\n", *argv);
        exit(1);
    }
    /*检查cp的第一个参数,要复制的文件,用open打开,in_fd为open返回的描述符
    如果返回-1,代表打开失败,提示错误*/
    if ((in_fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot open ", argv[1]);

    /*检查cp的第二个参数,复制的目的地址,用create在目的地址创建新文件,out_fd为open返回的描述符
    如果返回-1,代表创建失败,提示错误*/
    if ((out_fd = creat(argv[2], COPYMODE)) == -1)
        oops("Cannot creat", argv[2]);

    /*cp指令的动作就是读取一个文件的内容到存储器,在新的地址创建空白文件,再从存储器将内容写入新文件。
    这里判断复制是否成功:
    如果能读取顺利,而读取的位数和写的位数不同,是写错误;
    如果读取失败,是读错误。*/
    while ((n_chars = read(in_fd, buf, BUFFERSIZE)) > 0)
        if (write(out_fd, buf, n_chars) != n_chars)
            oops("Write error to ", argv[2]);
    if (n_chars == -1)
        oops("Read error from ", argv[1]);

    /*这里执行的是关闭文件的动作,in_fd和out_fd两个文件描述符
    所指向的文件只要有一个关闭错误,就提示关闭错误。*/
    if (close(in_fd) == -1 || close(out_fd) == -1)
        oops("Error closing files", "");
}

/*这个是用来输出错误信息的函数*/
void oops(char *s1, char *s2)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s ", s1);
    perror(s2);//用来将上一个函数发生错误的原因输出到标准设备(stderr)
    exit(1);
}

echostate

 

#include        <stdio.h>
#include        <stdlib.h>
#include        <termios.h>

int main()
{
        struct termios info;
        int rv;

        rv = tcgetattr( 0, &info );     /* read values from driver      */

        if ( rv == -1 ){
                perror( "tcgetattr");
                exit(1);
        }
        if ( info.c_lflag & ECHO )
                printf(" echo is on , since its bit is 1\n");
        else
                printf(" echo is OFF, since its bit is 0\n");

        return 0;
}

 

技术分享

 

检查命令行中的提示符是否显示的,如果显示,输入的命令都可见;不显示则表示输入的命令不可见。

fileinfo.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void show_stat_info(char *, struct stat *);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct stat info;        

    if (argc>1)
    {
    
        if( stat(argv[1], &info) != -1 ){
            show_stat_info( argv[1], &info );
            return 0;
        }
        else
            perror(argv[1]);  
    }
    return 1;
}
void show_stat_info(char *fname, struct stat *buf)
{
    printf("   mode: %o\n", buf->st_mode);         
    printf("  links: %d\n", buf->st_nlink);        
    printf("   user: %d\n", buf->st_uid);          
    printf("  group: %d\n", buf->st_gid);          
    printf("   size: %d\n", (int)buf->st_size);         
    printf("modtime: %d\n", (int)buf->st_mtime);        
    printf("   name: %s\n", fname );               
}

技术分享

用来实现显示文件信息。

filesize.c

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

int main()
{
    struct stat infobuf;           

    if ( stat( "/etc/passwd", &infobuf) == -1 )
        perror("/etc/passwd");
    else
        printf(" The size of /etc/passwd is %d\n", infobuf.st_size );
}

 

计算文件字节数大小。

技术分享

 

ls1

#include    <stdio.h>
#include    <sys/types.h>
#include    <dirent.h>

void do_ls(char []);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /*如果操作数只有1个,表明ls后面没有带参数,默认为当前目录,.表示当前目录。*/
    if ( argc == 1 )
        do_ls( "." );
    /*如果ls后面有参数,就把参数读入argv中。*/
    else
        while ( --argc ){
            printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
            do_ls( *argv );
        }

    return 0;
}

/*因为ls和dir功能相近,用dir来实现ls*/
void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
    DIR        *dir_ptr;
    struct dirent    *direntp;

    /*如果没有指向的那个地址,报错*/
    if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
        fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
    else
    {
        /*递归的方式来读取*/
        while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
            printf("%s\n", direntp->d_name );
        closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
}

技术分享

ls2

#include    <stdio.h>
#include    <string.h>
#include    <sys/types.h>
#include    <dirent.h>
#include    <sys/stat.h>

void do_ls(char[]);
void dostat(char *);
void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *);
void mode_to_letters( int , char [] );
char *uid_to_name( uid_t );
char *gid_to_name( gid_t );

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if ( argc == 1 )
        do_ls( "." );
    else
        while ( --argc ){
            printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
            do_ls( *argv );
        }

    return 0;
}

void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
    DIR        *dir_ptr;        
    struct dirent    *direntp;        

    if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
        fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
    else
    {
        while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
            dostat( direntp->d_name );
        closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
}

void dostat( char *filename )
{
    struct stat info;

    if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 )        
        perror( filename );            
    else                    
        show_file_info( filename, &info );
}

void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p )
{
    char    *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode();
    void    mode_to_letters();
        char    modestr[11];

    mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );

    printf( "%s"    , modestr );
    printf( "%4d "  , (int) info_p->st_nlink);    
    printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );
    printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );
    printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size);
    printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
    printf( "%s\n"  , filename );

}

void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] )
{
    strcpy( str, "----------" );           

    if ( S_ISDIR(mode) )  str[0] = ‘d‘;    
    if ( S_ISCHR(mode) )  str[0] = ‘c‘;    
    if ( S_ISBLK(mode) )  str[0] = ‘b‘;    

    if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = ‘r‘;    
    if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = ‘w‘;
    if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = ‘x‘;

    if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = ‘r‘;    
    if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = ‘w‘;
    if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = ‘x‘;

    if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = ‘r‘;    
    if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = ‘w‘;
    if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = ‘x‘;
}

#include    <pwd.h>

char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid )
{
    struct    passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];

    if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return pw_ptr->pw_name ;
}

#include    <grp.h>

char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid )
{
    struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];

    if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return grp_ptr->gr_name;
}

用来显示文件的详细信息,用户名、大小、创建时间等。

技术分享

setecho.c

 

#include        <stdio.h>
#include         <stdlib.h>
#include        <termios.h>

#define  oops(s,x) { perror(s); exit(x); }

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct termios info;

        if ( argc == 1 ) 
        exit(0);

        if ( tcgetattr(0,&info) == -1 )
            oops("tcgettattr", 1);

        if ( argv[1][0] == ‘y‘ )
                info.c_lflag |= ECHO ;/*打开提示符*/
        else
                info.c_lflag &= ~ECHO ;/*隐藏提示符*/

        if ( tcsetattr(0,TCSANOW,&info) == -1 )
               oops("tcsetattr",2);
    
        return 0;
}

 

是否显示用户输入的指令。

技术分享

技术分享

 

spwd.c

 

#include    <stdio.h>
#include    <stdlib.h>
#include    <string.h>
#include    <sys/types.h>
#include    <sys/stat.h>
#include    <dirent.h>

ino_t    get_inode(char *);
void    printpathto(ino_t);
void    inum_to_name(ino_t , char *, int );

int main()
{
    printpathto( get_inode( "." ) );    
    putchar(‘\n‘);                
    return 0;
}

void printpathto( ino_t this_inode )
{
    ino_t    my_inode ;
    char    its_name[BUFSIZ];

    if ( get_inode("..") != this_inode )
    {
        chdir( ".." );                

        inum_to_name(this_inode,its_name,BUFSIZ);

        my_inode = get_inode( "." );        
        printpathto( my_inode );        
        printf("/%s", its_name );        
                            
    }
}

void inum_to_name(ino_t inode_to_find , char *namebuf, int buflen)
{
    DIR        *dir_ptr;        
    struct dirent    *direntp;        

    dir_ptr = opendir( "." );
    if ( dir_ptr == NULL ){
        perror( "." );
        exit(1);
    }


    while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
        if ( direntp->d_ino == inode_to_find )
        {
            strncpy( namebuf, direntp->d_name, buflen);
            namebuf[buflen-1] = ‘\0‘;   
            closedir( dir_ptr );
            return;
        }
    fprintf(stderr, "error looking for inum %d\n", (int) inode_to_find);
    exit(1);
}

ino_t get_inode( char *fname )
{
    struct stat info;

    if ( stat( fname , &info ) == -1 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot stat ");
        perror(fname);
        exit(1);
    }
    return info.st_ino;
}

 

功能是列出当前目录。

技术分享

testioctl.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

int main()
{
    struct winsize size;
    if( isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == 0)
        exit(1);
    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) < 0) {
        perror("ioctl TIOCGWINSZ error");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("%d rows %d columns\n", size.ws_row, size.ws_col);
    return 0;
}

技术分享

who1.c
#include    <stdio.h>
#include    <stdlib.h>
#include    <utmp.h>
#include    <fcntl.h>
#include    <unistd.h>

#define    SHOWHOST    

int show_info( struct utmp *utbufp )
{
    printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);    
    printf(" ");                
    printf("%-8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);    
    printf(" ");                
    printf("%10ld", utbufp->ut_time);    
    printf(" ");                
#ifdef    SHOWHOST
    printf("(%s)", utbufp->ut_host);    
#endif
    printf("\n");                

    return 0;
}
int main()
{
    struct utmp     current_record;    
    int        utmpfd;        
    int        reclen = sizeof(current_record);

    if ( (utmpfd = open(UTMP_FILE, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ){
        perror( UTMP_FILE );    
        exit(1);
    }
    while ( read(utmpfd, &current_record, reclen) == reclen )
        show_info(&current_record);
    close(utmpfd);
    return 0;            
}

从UTMP_FILE文件中读取想要的信息到存储器中,然后再用标准输出函数打印到屏幕上,最后关闭文件。

技术分享

who2.c
与who1一样

遇到的问题

1.运行第十章代码csapp.h
解决方法:增加头文件库
参考资料:http://group.cnblogs.com/topic/73278.html

参考资料

1.教材:第十章,详细学习指导:http://group.cnblogs.com/topic/73069.html

2.课程资料:https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/413 实验十,课程邀请码:W7FQKW4Y

3.20135202闫佳歆 - 博客园http://www.cnblogs.com/20135202yjx/

 

系统级I/O 第八周11.9~11.15

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/20135336wwz/p/4966954.html

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