问题叙述性说明：

Given an integer n, generate a square matrix filled with elements from 1 to n² in spiral order.

For example,
Given n = 3,

[
 [ 1, 2, 3 ],
 [ 8, 9, 4 ],
 [ 7, 6, 5 ]
]

基本思路：

本题是上一篇《Spiral Matrix》的变形。能够採用相同的遍历方法为其赋值。创建旋转矩阵。

代码：

vector<vector<int> > generateMatrix(int n) { //C++
        vector<vector<int> >result;
        if(n <=0 )
            return result;
        
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            vector<int> tmp(n,0);
            result.push_back(tmp);
        }
        
        int rowBegin = 0;
        int rowEnd   = n-1;
        int colBegin = 0;
        int colEnd   = n-1;
        
        int count = 1;
        while(rowBegin <= rowEnd && colBegin <= colEnd){
            //to right
            for(int j = colBegin; j <= colEnd; j++)
                result[rowBegin][j] =count++;
            rowBegin++;
            
            //to down
            for(int j = rowBegin; j <= rowEnd; j++)
                result[j][colEnd] = count++;
            colEnd--;
            
            //to left
            if(rowBegin <= rowEnd){
                for(int j = colEnd; j >= colBegin; j--)
                    result[rowEnd][j] = count++;
            }
            rowEnd--;
            
            //to up
            if(colBegin <= colEnd){
                for(int j = rowEnd; j >= rowBegin; j--)
                    result[j][colBegin] = count++;
            }
            colBegin++;
        }
        return result;
    }