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以下代码在 python 3.5 + jupyter notebook 中运行测试无误!
# 我们爬取网页的目的,无非是先定位到DOM树的节点,然后取其文本或属性值 myPage = ‘‘‘<html> <title>TITLE</title> <body> <h1>我的博客</h1> <div>我的文章</div> <div id="photos"> <img src="pic1.jpeg"/><span id="pic1">PIC1 is beautiful!</span> <img src="pic2.jpeg"/><span id="pic2">PIC2 is beautiful!</span> <p><a href="http://www.example.com/more_pic.html">更多美图</a></p> <a href="http://www.baidu.com">去往百度</a> <a href="http://www.163.com">去往网易</a> <a href="http://www.sohu.com">去往搜狐</a> </div> <p class="myclassname">Hello,\nworld!<br/>-- by Adam</p> <div class="foot">放在尾部的其他一些说明</div> </body> </html>‘‘‘ html = etree.fromstring(myPage)
# 一、定位 divs1 = html.xpath(‘//div‘) divs2 = html.xpath(‘//div[@id]‘) divs3 = html.xpath(‘//div[@class="foot"]‘) divs4 = html.xpath(‘//div[@*]‘) divs5 = html.xpath(‘//div[1]‘) divs6 = html.xpath(‘//div[last()-1]‘) divs7 = html.xpath(‘//div[position()<3]‘) divs8 = html.xpath(‘//div|//h1‘) # 二、取文本 text() text1 = html.xpath(‘//div/text()‘) text2 = html.xpath(‘//div[@id]/text()‘) text3 = html.xpath(‘//div[@class="foot"]/text()‘) text4 = html.xpath(‘//div[@*]/text()‘) text5 = html.xpath(‘//div[1]/text()‘) text6 = html.xpath(‘//div[last()-1]/text()‘) text7 = html.xpath(‘//div[position()<3]/text()‘) text8 = html.xpath(‘//div/text()|//h1/text()‘)
# 三、取属性 @ value1 = html.xpath(‘//a/@href‘) value2 = html.xpath(‘//img/@src‘) value3 = html.xpath(‘//div[2]/span/@id‘) # 四、定位(进阶) # 1.文档(DOM)元素(Element)的find,findall方法 divs = html.xpath(‘//div[position()<3]‘) for div in divs: ass = div.findall(‘a‘) # 这里只能找到:div->a, 找不到:div->p->a for a in ass: if a is not None: #print(dir(a)) print(a.text, a.attrib.get(‘href‘)) #文档(DOM)元素(Element)的属性:text, attrib
# 2.与1等价 a_href = html.xpath(‘//div[position()<3]/a/@href‘) print(a_href) # 3.注意与1、2的区别 a_href = html.xpath(‘//div[position()<3]//a/@href‘) print(a_href)
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/5079465.html