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Valgrind是一款用于内存调试、内存泄漏检测以及性能分析的软件开发工具。
Valgrind遵守GNU通用公共许可证条款，是一款自由软件。
到3.3.0版本为止，Valgrind支持x86、x86-64以及PowerPC上的Linux。除此之外，还有一些其它非正式支持的类Unix平台（如FreeBSD、NetBSD以及Mac OS X）。
直接下载源码包
wget http://valgrind.org/downloads/valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2
cd valgrind-3.11.0/
使用svn克隆一个
svn co svn://svn.valgrind.org/valgrind/trunk valgrind
生成Makefile的步骤在README这个文件中有写。
./autogen.sh来设置环境（你需要标准的autoconf工具）aclocal autoheader automake autoconf，所以必须先安装好它，如果没有安装，在运行这个脚本的时候会提示你的。./configure来生成Makefile文件./configure --help来查看可以使用哪些参数设置。./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrindmake进行编译，运行make install进行安装。下面是我编译时候的步骤
#运行 autogen.sh o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./autogen.sh running: aclocal running: autoheader running: automake -a running: autoconf #运行configure o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/valgrind checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c .... ..... config.status: executing depfiles commands Maximum build arch: amd64 Primary build arch: amd64 Secondary build arch: x86 Build OS: linux ... ... #运行make o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ make echo "# This is a generated file, composed of the following suppression rules:" > default.supp echo "# " exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp >> default.supp cat exp-sgcheck.supp xfree-3.supp xfree-4.supp glibc-2.X-drd.supp glibc-2.34567-NPTL-helgrind.supp glibc-2.X.supp >> default.supp make all-recursive ... ... #运行make install o@o-pc:~/software/valgrind-3.11.0$ sudo make install [sudo] o 的密码： make install-recursive ... ...
3、测试一下
编译完成之后可以测试一下。
因为上面编译安装的时候指定了安装目录，所以还需要把valgrind的bin目录路径添加到环境变量PATH中。否则只能使用全路径来运行valgrind
这里我把它写入到~/.bashrc文件中。打开~/.bashrc文件，然后在最后添加一行PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/valgrind/bin，之后使用source ~/.bashrc来更新一下。
真的测试一下哦(这是README里面给出的测试命令)
o@o-pc:~/software$ valgrind ls -l ==4504== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==4504== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL‘d, by Julian Seward et al. ==4504== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==4504== Command: ls -l ==4504== 总用量 11636 drwxrwxr-x 26 o o 4096 12月 29 11:11 valgrind-3.11.0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 o o 11910809 9月 23 18:53 valgrind-3.11.0.tar.bz2 ==4504== ==4504== HEAP SUMMARY: ==4504== in use at exit: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks ==4504== total heap usage: 205 allocs, 197 frees, 86,286 bytes allocated ==4504== ==4504== LEAK SUMMARY: ==4504== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4504== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4504== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4504== still reachable: 19,436 bytes in 8 blocks ==4504== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4504== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory ==4504== ==4504== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==4504== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)
自己写一个内存访问越界和泄露的小例子来测试一下
#include <stdlib.h> int main() { ((char*)malloc(10))[10] = 100; return 0; }
使用下面的命令来检查
valgrind --track-fds=yes --leak-check=full --undef-value-errors=yes ./test
检查结果
==4842== Memcheck, a memory error detector ==4842== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL‘d, by Julian Seward et al. ==4842== Using Valgrind-3.11.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info ==4842== Command: ./test ==4842== ==4842== Invalid write of size 1 # 这里检测到了内存越界访问 ==4842== at 0x400548: main (in /home/o/software/test) ==4842== Address 0x520204a is 0 bytes after a block of size 10 alloc‘d ==4842== at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299) ==4842== by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test) ==4842== ==4842== ==4842== FILE DESCRIPTORS: 3 open at exit. #打开了三个文件描述符(标准输入输出错误) ==4842== Open file descriptor 2: /dev/pts/12 ==4842== <inherited from parent> ==4842== ==4842== Open file descriptor 1: /dev/pts/12 ==4842== <inherited from parent> ==4842== ==4842== Open file descriptor 0: /dev/pts/12 ==4842== <inherited from parent> ==4842== ==4842== ==4842== HEAP SUMMARY: #堆使用摘要 ==4842== in use at exit: 10 bytes in 1 blocks ==4842== total heap usage: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 10 bytes allocated #申请/释放详情 ==4842== ==4842== 10 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1 ==4842== at 0x4C2BC50: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:299) ==4842== by 0x400543: main (in /home/o/software/test) ==4842== ==4842== LEAK SUMMARY: 泄露摘要 ==4842== definitely lost: 10 bytes in 1 blocks ==4842== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4842== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4842== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4842== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==4842== ==4842== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v ==4842== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 1 from 1)
可以看出上面检测到了内存越界访问和内存泄露。
一般写玩程序后都可以使用valgrind来检测一下，避免内存泄露的问题（还有文件打开情况）
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/oloroso/p/5085202.html
