azure云中 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1

2016-01-30 mount失败问题解决
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# mount /dev/sdc /dta
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
[root@mofficedb2 ~]#
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdc1 /data
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc1,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so

[root@mofficedb1 ~]# cat  /proc/filesystems
nodev   sysfs
nodev   rootfs
nodev   bdev
nodev   proc
nodev   cgroup
nodev   cpuset
nodev   tmpfs
nodev   devtmpfs
nodev   binfmt_misc
nodev   debugfs
nodev   securityfs
nodev   sockfs
nodev   usbfs
nodev   pipefs
nodev   anon_inodefs
nodev   inotifyfs
nodev   devpts
nodev   ramfs
nodev   hugetlbfs
    iso9660
nodev   pstore
nodev   mqueue
nodev   selinuxfs
    ext4
nodev   autofs
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# 

查看后台支持的文件格式，其中2.6.32-431.29.2.el6.x86_64目录因系统版本会不一样，可以通过find /lib/modules/ -name kernel命令查找出真实目录
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# ll /lib/modules/2.6.32-431.29.2.el6.x86_64/kernel/fs
total 132
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 autofs4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 btrfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 cachefiles
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 cifs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 configfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 cramfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 dlm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 ecryptfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 exportfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 ext2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 ext3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 ext4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 fat
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 fscache
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 fuse
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 gfs2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 jbd
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 jbd2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 jffs2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 lockd
-rwxr--r--. 1 root root 19920 Sep  9  2014 mbcache.ko
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 nfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 nfs_common
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 nfsd
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 nls
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 squashfs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 ubifs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 udf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Sep 25  2014 xfs
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# 

查看本系统的文件格式：
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# df -T -h
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1      ext4    29G  2.8G   25G  11% /
tmpfs          tmpfs   14G     0   14G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1      ext4    56G  180M   53G   1% /mnt/resource
[root@mofficedb1 ~]# 

fdisk /dev/sdc后，出现/dev/sdc1
Disk /dev/sdc: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4cb42802

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1        6527    52428096   83  Linux
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# 

有一个输入w的命令是写磁盘文件初始化的，如果失败了没有成功，就执行mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 
done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# 

[root@mofficedb2 ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /data
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# df -T -h
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1      ext4    29G  2.4G   25G   9% /
tmpfs          tmpfs   14G     0   14G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1      ext4    56G  180M   53G   1% /mnt/resource
/dev/sdc1      ext4    50G  180M   47G   1% /data
[root@mofficedb2 ~]# 

PS：网友的方案
超级块损坏，但是文件系统都是有超级块备份的，只需要重新恢复超级块就可以了
mkfs.ext4 -n device
该命令最好就是超级块的备份位置
mkfs.ext4 -b superblocknum  device
这样就行了

为了使mount在重启vm后生效，还需要配置/etc/fstab
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc                /data                   ext4    defaults        1 2

重启后，出现 Could not chdir to home directory /home/adminuser: No such file or directory的错误
是因为/etc/fstab里面配置错误