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RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
RabbitMQ安装
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安装配置epel源 安装erlang # tar -xzvf otp_src_R15B03-1.tar.gz # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/erlang --with-ssl --enable-threads --enable-smp-support --enable-kernel-poll --enable-hipe --without-javac # make && make install 配置erlang环境： #vim /etc/profile export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/erlang/bin #source profile 安装RabbitMQ # rpm -i --nodeps rabbitmq-server-3.2.0-1.noarch.rpm |
安装python API模块
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pip install pikaoreasy_install pikaor源码https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pikawindows:
python setup.py install
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import Queue
import threading
message = Queue.Queue(10)
def producer(i):
while True:
message.put(i)
def consumer(i):
while True:
msg = message.get()
for i in range(12):
t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,)) #生产者
t.start()
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,)) #消费者
t.start()
生产者：
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘)) #连接RabbitMQ服务器
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ‘) #声明一个队列，队列名为 yangMQ
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘‘, #往队列中插入数据
routing_key=‘yangMQ‘,
body=‘Hello World!‘) #键值对应的内容
print(" [x] Sent ‘Hello World!‘")
connection.close()
消费者
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘)) #连接RabbitMQ服务器
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ‘) #声明队列
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=‘yangMQ‘,
no_ack=True)
print(‘ [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
channel.start_consuming()
1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果生产者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
import pika
# ######################### 消费者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ‘)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10) #暂停10秒，模拟异常中断，中断后不会发送ack应答，下次执行会再次接收
print ‘ok‘
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) #ack应答后，表示接收成功
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=‘yangMQ‘,
no_ack=False) #表示启用ack应答功能
print(‘ [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
channel.start_consuming()
import pika
# ######################### 生产者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ2‘, durable=True) #定义durable
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘‘,
routing_key=‘yangMQ2‘,
body=‘Hello World2!‘,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, #消息不间断
))
print(" [x] Sent ‘Hello World2!‘")
connection.close()
import pika
# ######################### 消费者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ2‘, durable=True) #定义durable
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print ‘ok‘
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=‘yangMQ2‘,
no_ack=False)
print(‘ [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
channel.start_consuming()
3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者2去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
import pika
# ######################### 消费者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘yangMQ2‘, durable=True) #定义durable
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print ‘ok‘
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) #不按奇偶顺序
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=‘yangMQ2‘,
no_ack=False)
print(‘ [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
channel.start_consuming()
4、发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
exchange type = fanout
发布者
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘mingwei‘,
type=‘fanout‘)
message = ‘ ‘.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘mingwei‘,
routing_key=‘‘,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
订阅者
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘mingwei‘,
type=‘fanout‘)
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange=‘mingwei‘,
queue=queue_name)
print(‘ [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
5、关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
import pika
import sys
# ######################### 发布者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘direct_logs‘,
type=‘direct‘)
message = "Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘direct_logs‘,
routing_key=‘shanghai‘, #只给关键字有shanghai的订阅者发消息
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
# ######################### 订阅者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘direct_logs‘,
type=‘direct‘)
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange=‘direct_logs‘,
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=‘shanghai‘) #关键字上海
channel.queue_bind(exchange=‘direct_logs‘,
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=‘beijing‘)
print(‘ [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。
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发送者路由值 队列中old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配 |
import pika
import sys
# ######################### 发布者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘topic_logs‘,
type=‘topic‘)
message = "Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘topic_logs‘,
routing_key=‘yangmv.com.zx‘, #模糊匹配2位
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
import pika
import sys
# ######################### 订阅者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host=‘10.10.50.42‘))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange=‘topic_logs‘,
type=‘topic‘)
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange=‘topic_logs‘,
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=‘yangmv.#‘) # #匹配0个或者多个，*只匹配1个
print(‘ [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C‘)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/yangmv/p/5201937.html
