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常用的结构体：

NSRange：

void range(){
    //方法1
    NSRange r1;
    r1.location=9;
    r1.length=3;
    NSString *str1 = NSStringFromRange(r1);
    NSLog(@"r1 is %@",str1);
    //方法2
    NSRange r2=NSMakeRange(9, 3);
    NSString *str2 = NSStringFromRange(r2);
    NSLog(@"r2 is %@",str2);
}

NSPoint：–（x,y）

void point(){
    //方法1
    NSPoint p1;
    p1.x=8;
    p1.y=9;
    NSString *str1=NSStringFromPoint(p1);
    NSLog(@"p1 is %@",str1);
    //方法2
    NSPoint p2 = NSMakePoint(8, 9);
    NSString *str2=NSStringFromPoint(p2);
    NSLog(@"p2 is %@",str2);
    //方法3
    NSPoint p3=CGPointMake(8, 9);
    NSString *str3 = NSStringFromPoint(p3);
    NSLog(@"p3 is %@",str3);
}

NSSize:：(width , height)；
NSRect：包括NSPoint 和NSSize；

NSString

不可变字符串

创建字符串方法：

void stringCreate(){
    //动态方法创建
    //1
    NSString *str1 = @"A string";
    //2
    NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc] init];
    str2 =@"A string";
    //3
    NSString *str3 =[[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"A string"];
    //4
    NSString *str4 =[[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"my age is %i",19];
    //静态方法创建
    //5
    NSString *str5 =[NSString stringWithUTF8String:"A string"];
    //6
    NSString *str6 =[NSString stringWithFormat:@"my age is %i",19];
}

从文件读字符串

void stringCreate2(){
    NSString *path=@"/Users/llw/tmp/test.txt";
    //CFStringConvertNSStringEncodingToEncoding(kCFStringEncodingGB_18030_2000);
    NSError *error;
    NSString *str1=[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    if(error){
        NSLog(@"读取文件失败,%@",error);
    }else{
        NSLog(@"读取文件成功,content is %@",str1);
    }
}

字符串写文件

void stringExport(){
    NSString *str=@"123456";
    //如果文件不存在，则创建；
    //如果文件夹不存在，则报错
    NSString *path = @"/Users/llw/tmp/test.txt";
    NSError *error;
    //YES 代表要进行原子操作，也就是会先创建一个临时文件
    [str writeToFile:path atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    if(error){
        NSLog(@"写入文件失败,%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }else{
        NSLog(@"写入文件成功，");
    }
}

其它方法（略，待补充）

NSMutableString

可变字符串，是NSString的子类。类似于java中的stringBuffer

void operate(){
    //初始化时分配10个字数的存储空间。
    NSMutableString *str1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:10];
    [str1 setString:@"1234"];//设置字符串内容
    NSLog(@"str1 is %@",str1);
    //拼接一个字符串
    [str1 appendString:@"567"];
    NSLog(@"str1 is %@",str1);
    //拼接一个字符串
    [str1 appendFormat:@"age is %i ",27];
    //替换字符串 age-> no
    NSRange range =[str1 rangeOfString:@"age"];
    [str1 replaceCharactersInRange:;range withString:@"no"];
    //插入字符串
    [str1 insertString:@"abc" atIndex:2];
    //删除字符串
    range =[str1 rangeOfString:@"age"];
    [str1 deleteCharactersInRange:range];
}

NSArray

列表，是不可变的。类似于java中的ArrayList

void arrayCreate(){
    //1 创建一个空的数组
    NSArray *array1 = [NSArray array];
    //2 创建1个元素的数组
    NSArray *array2 =[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"123"];
    //3 创建有3个元素的数组，nil表示数组的结束
    NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c", nil];
    unsigned long count=[array3 count];//等价于 array3.count
}
void  arrayUse(){
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c", nil];
    if([array containsObject:@"a"]){
        NSLog(@"contains a");
    }
    NSString *last =[array lastObject];
    NSString *str1 = [array objectAtIndex:1];
    int index = [array indexOfObject:@"c"];
}

给数组里的元素都发送相同消息:

void arrySetMessage(){
    Student *stu1 = [[Student alloc]init];
    Student *stu2 = [[Student alloc]init];
    Student *stu3 = [[Student alloc]init];
    NSArray *array =[[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, nil];
    //让数组中的所有对象都调用test方法，并传入参赛@“123”
    //Student 类里面有test方法，可以传入一个参数
    [array makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(test:) withObject:@"123"]
    ;
}

数组的遍历

void arrayFor(){
    Student *stu1 = [[Student alloc]init];
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",stu1, nil];
    //1
    int count=array.count;
    for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
        id obj = [array objectAtIndex:i];
        NSLog(@"%i is %@",i,obj);
    }
    //2 快速遍历
    for(id obj in array){
        NSLog(@"%@",obj);
    }
    //3 利用block遍历,stop用于终止循环（break）
    [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        NSLog(@"%zi is %@",idx,obj);
        //如果索引为1时停止遍历
        if(idx ==1){
            *stop =YES;
        }
    }];
    //4利用迭代器遍历
    //获取迭代器
    NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
    //获取反序迭代器
    //[array reverseObjectEnumerator];
    id obj =nil;
    while (obj =[enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"%@",obj);
    };
    NSArray *array1 = [enumerator allObjects];//返回迭代器中的所有没被遍历过的元素。
}

数组的排序：

void arraySort(){
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2",@"3",@"1",@"4", nil];
    //1
    //返回一个排好序的数组，原数组不变
    //指定元素的比较方法compare:
    NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
    //2 Student里定义排序方法
    Student *stu1 =[Student studentWithFirstname:@"张" andLastname:@"三"] ;
    Student *stu2 =[Student studentWithFirstname:@"李" andLastname:@"四"] ;
    Student *stu3 =[Student studentWithFirstname:@"王" andLastname:@"五"] ;
    Student *stu4 =[Student studentWithFirstname:@"赵" andLastname:@"六"] ;
    NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4, nil];
    NSArray *array4 = [array3 sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];
    //3 利用block排序
    [array3 sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(Student  *obj1, Student *obj2) {
        NSComparisonResult result=[obj1.firstname compare:obj1.firstname];
        if(result == NSOrderedSame){
            result = [obj1.lastname compare:obj1.lastname];
        }
        return result;
    }];
    //4
    NSSortDescriptor *fristnameAsc =[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstname" ascending:YES];
    NSSortDescriptor *lastnameDesc =[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastname" ascending:NO];
    NSArray *sort =[NSArray arrayWithObjects:fristnameAsc,lastnameDesc, nil];
    NSArray *array5= [array3 sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:sort];
}

派生出新的数组

void arrayNew(){
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c", nil];
    NSArray *array2=[array arrayByAddingObject:@"d"];
    NSArray *array3=[array arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:[array arrayByAddingObject:@"d"]];
    NSRange range =NSMakeRange(1, 2);
    NSArray *array4=[array subarrayWithRange:range];
}

其它

void arrayOther(){
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c", nil];
    //用","连接数组中所有对象
    NSString *str =[array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
    //将一个数组持久化到文件中,文件内容是xml格式
    NSString *path=@"/Users/llw/tmp/test.xml";
    [array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    //从文件中读取。（文件内容有严格的格式要求）
    NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
}

NSMutableArray

可变数组。

NSDictonary

字典，不可变的。

void dictCreate(){
    NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"v" forKey:@"k"];
    //最常用方法
    dict=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
          @"v1",@"k1",
          @"v2",@"k2", nil];
    NSArray *objects =[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"v1",@"v2",@"v3", nil];
    NSArray *keys =[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"k1",@"k2",@"k3", nil];
    dict =[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys];
}

void dictUse(){
   NSDictionary *dict=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
          @"v1",@"k1",
          @"v2",@"k2", nil];
    unsigned long count = dict.count;
    //是不可变的，只能取值，不能修改值
    id obj = [dict objectForKey:@"k2"];
    //write to file
    NSString  *path=@"/Users/llw/tmp/test.txt";
    [dict writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    NSArray *keys = [dict allKeys];
    NSArray *objects =[dict allValues];
    //notFoundMarker 表示 根据key找不到值时用notFoundMarker代替
    NSArray *objects2 = [dict objectsForKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"k1",@"k2", nil] notFoundMarker:@"no found"];
}

遍历

void dictFor(){
    NSDictionary *dict=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                        @"v1",@"k1",
                        @"v2",@"k2", nil];
    //1
    for (id key in dict) {
        id value = [dict objectForKey:key];
    }
    //2 使用迭代器
    //分key迭代器 ，value迭代器
    NSEnumerator *enumer =[dict keyEnumerator];
    id key =nil;
    while (key = [enumer nextObject]) {
        id value = [dict objectForKey:key];
    }
    NSEnumerator *enumer1 =[dict objectEnumerator];
    //3 block,stop用于终止循环（break）
    [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
        NSLog(@"[%@ %@]",key,obj);
    }];
}

NSMutableDictionary

可变字典

NSSet

NSMutableSet

NSNumber

可以将基本数据类型包装成对象，这样就可以间接将基本数据类型存进NSArray，NSDictionary等集合中。

void number(){
    NSNumber *number = [NSNumber numberWithInt:10];
    NSMutableArray *array =[NSMutableArray array];
    [array addObject:number];
    //取出来还是number，不会自动解包
    NSNumber *number1 =[array lastObject];
    int num= [number1 intValue];
}

NSValue

NSNumber是NSValue的子类，但NSNumber只能包装基本数据类型，NSValue可以包装任意值，也就可以用NSValue包装结构体后加入NSArray，等集合中。

系统自带结构体

void value(){
    CGPoint point =CGPointMake(10, 10);
    //将结构体包装成一个对象
    NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithPoint:point];
    NSMutableArray *array =[NSMutableArray array];
    [array addObject:value];
    NSValue *value1 =[array lastObject];
    CGPoint point1 =[value1 pointValue];
    BOOL result = CGPointEqualToPoint(point,point1);
}

自定义结构体

typedef struct{
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
} Date;
void value2(){
    Date date= {2013,4,7};
    //void * 代表任何指针
    //这里要传结构体的地址
    //根据结构体类型生成 对应的 类型描述字符串
    char *type =@encode(Date);
    NSValue * value = [NSValue value:&date withObjCType:type];
    //定义一个结构体变量
    Date date1;
    //取出包装好的结构体
    [value getValue:&date1 ];
}

NSNull

集合中不能存放nil值，因为nil在集合中有特殊含义，但有时确实需要存储一个表示“什么都没有”的值，那么久可以使用NSNull，它也是NSObject的一个子类。

//[NSNull null]返回的是同一个单例对象,所以n = n1
NSNull *n =[NsNull null];
NSNull *n1 =[NSNull null];

NSDate

3、Foundation

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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/mains/p/5204507.html