MyBatis学习笔记五——实现关联表查询

一、一对一关联

1.1、提出需求

　　根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)

1.2、创建表和数据

　　创建一张教师表和班级表，这里我们假设一个老师只负责教一个班，那么老师和班级之间的关系就是一种一对一的关系。

CREATE TABLE teacher(
    t_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
    t_name VARCHAR(20)
);
CREATE TABLE class(
    c_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
    c_name VARCHAR(20), 
    teacher_id INT
);
ALTER TABLE class ADD CONSTRAINT fk_teacher_id FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher(t_id);    

INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES(‘teacher1‘);
INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES(‘teacher2‘);

INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES(‘class_a‘, 1);
INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES(‘class_b‘, 2);

1.3、定义实体类

　　1、Teacher类，Teacher类是teacher表对应的实体类。
　　

package me.lizhenhua.domain;

/**
 * @author lizhenhua
 * 定义teacher表对应的实体类
 */
public class Teacher {

    //定义实体类的属性，与teacher表中的字段对应
    private int id;            //id===>t_id
    private String name;    //name===>t_name

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

　2、Classes类，Classes类是class表对应的实体类

package me.lizhenhua.domain;

/**
 * @author lizhenhua
 * 定义class表对应的实体类
 */
public class Classes {

    //定义实体类的属性，与class表中的字段对应
    private int id;            //id===>c_id
    private String name;    //name===>c_name

    /**
     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段，所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性，
     * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系，通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
     */
    private Teacher teacher;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher+ "]";
    }
}

1.4、定义sql映射文件classMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 为这个mapper指定一个唯一的namespace，namespace的值习惯上设置成包名+sql映射文件名，这样就能够保证namespace的值是唯一的
例如namespace="me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper"就是me.lizhenhua.mapping(包名)+classMapper(classMapper.xml文件去除后缀)
 -->
<mapper namespace="me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper">

    <!-- 
        根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)
        ##1. 联表查询
        SELECT * FROM class c,teacher t WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.c_id=1;

        ##2. 执行两次查询
        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;  //teacher_id=1
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1;//使用上面得到的teacher_id
     -->

    <!-- 
    方式一：嵌套结果：使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
             封装联表查询的数据(去除重复的数据)
        select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=1
    -->
    <select id="getClass" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap">
        select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=#{id}
    </select>
    <!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->
    <resultMap type="me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap">
        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Teacher">
            <id property="id" column="t_id"/>
            <result property="name" column="t_name"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <!-- 
    方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
    -->
     <select id="getClass2" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap2">
        select * from class where c_id=#{id}
     </select>
     <!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->
     <resultMap type="me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap2">
        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacher"/>
     </resultMap>

     <select id="getTeacher" parameterType="int" resultType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Teacher">
        SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}
     </select>

</mapper>

在conf.xml文件中注册classMapper.xml

<mappers>
        <!-- 注册classMapper.xml文件， 
        classMapper.xml位于me.lizhenhua.mapping这个包下，所以resource写成me/lizhenhua/mapping/classMapper.xml-->
        <mapper resource="me/lizhenhua/mapping/classMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>

1.5、编写单元测试代码

package me.lizhenhua.test;

import me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes;
import me.lizhenhua.util.MyBatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

public class Test3 {

    @Test
    public void testGetClass(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        /**
         * 映射sql的标识字符串，
         * me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值，
         * getClass是select标签的id属性值，通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
         */
        String statement = "me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper.getClass";//映射sql的标识字符串
        //执行查询操作，将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
        sqlSession.close();
        System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果：Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetClass2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        /**
         * 映射sql的标识字符串，
         * me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值，
         * getClass2是select标签的id属性值，通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
         */
        String statement = "me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper.getClass2";//映射sql的标识字符串
        //执行查询操作，将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
        sqlSession.close();
        System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果：Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]
    }
}

1.6、MyBatis一对一关联查询总结

MyBatis中使用association标签来解决一对一的关联查询，association标签可用的属性如下：

property:对象属性的名称
javaType:对象属性的类型
column:所二、一对多关联对应的外键字段名称
select:使用另一个查询封装的结果

二、一对多关联

2.1、提出需求

　　根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师

2.2、创建表和数据

　　在上面的一对一关联查询演示中，我们已经创建了班级表和教师表，因此这里再创建一张学生表

CREATE TABLE student(
    s_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
    s_name VARCHAR(20), 
    class_id INT
);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_A‘, 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_B‘, 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_C‘, 1);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_D‘, 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_E‘, 2);
INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES(‘student_F‘, 2);

2.3、定义实体类

　　1、Student类

package me.lizhenhua.domain;

/**
 * @author lizhenhua
 * 定义student表所对应的实体类
 */
public class Student {

    //定义属性，和student表中的字段对应
    private int id;            //id===>s_id
    private String name;    //name===>s_name

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

2、修改Classes类，添加一个List students属性，使用一个List集合属性表示班级拥有的学生，如下：

package me.lizhenhua.domain;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lizhenhua
 * 定义class表对应的实体类
 */
public class Classes {

    //定义实体类的属性，与class表中的字段对应
    private int id;            //id===>c_id
    private String name;    //name===>c_name

    /**
     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段，所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性，
     * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系，通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的
     */
    private Teacher teacher;
    //使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生
    private List<Student> students;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher
                + ", students=" + students + "]";
    }
}

2.4、修改sql映射文件classMapper.xml

　　添加如下的SQL映射信息
　　

<!-- 
        根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师
     -->
    <!-- 
    方式一: 嵌套结果: 使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集
    SELECT * FROM class c, teacher t,student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.C_id=s.class_id AND  c.c_id=1
     -->
    <select id="getClass3" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap3">
        select * from class c, teacher t,student s where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.C_id=s.class_id and  c.c_id=#{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap type="me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap3">
        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Teacher">
            <id property="id" column="t_id"/>
            <result property="name" column="t_name"/>
        </association>
        <!-- ofType指定students集合中的对象类型 -->
        <collection property="students" ofType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Student">
            <id property="id" column="s_id"/>
            <result property="name" column="s_name"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

    <!-- 
        方式二：嵌套查询：通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型
            SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;
            SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值
            SELECT * FROM student WHERE class_id=1  //1是第一个查询得到的c_id字段的值
     -->
     <select id="getClass4" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap4">
        select * from class where c_id=#{id}
     </select>
     <resultMap type="me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap4">
        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>
        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>
        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Teacher" select="getTeacher2"></association>
        <collection property="students" ofType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Student" column="c_id" select="getStudent"></collection>
     </resultMap>

     <select id="getTeacher2" parameterType="int" resultType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Teacher">
        SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}
     </select>

     <select id="getStudent" parameterType="int" resultType="me.lizhenhua.domain.Student">
        SELECT s_id id, s_name name FROM student WHERE class_id=#{id}
     </select>

2.5、编写单元测试代码

package me.lizhenhua.test;

import me.lizhenhua.domain.Classes;
import me.lizhenhua.util.MyBatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

public class Test4 {

    @Test
    public void testGetClass3(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        /**
         * 映射sql的标识字符串，
         * me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值，
         * getClass3是select标签的id属性值，通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
         */
        String statement = "me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper.getClass3";//映射sql的标识字符串
        //执行查询操作，将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
        sqlSession.close();
        //打印结果：Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]
        System.out.println(clazz);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetClass4(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        /**
         * 映射sql的标识字符串，
         * me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值，
         * getClass4是select标签的id属性值，通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL
         */
        String statement = "me.lizhenhua.mapping.classMapper.getClass4";//映射sql的标识字符串
        //执行查询操作，将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回
        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录
        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession
        sqlSession.close();
        //打印结果：Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]
        System.out.println(clazz);
    }
}

2.6、MyBatis一对多关联查询总结

　　MyBatis中使用collection标签来解决一对多的关联查询，ofType属性指定集合中元素的对象类型。