运算符重载

时间：2016-04-16 21:01:56 阅读：181 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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运算符重载

Overloadable (可重载)：
　　+ - * / % ^ & | ~ ! =
　　< > += -= *= /= %= ^= &= |= <<
　　>> >>= <<= == != <= >= && || ++ --
　　->* , -> [] () new delete

Operators That Cannot Be Overloaded (不可重载)

　　Operator 　　Name
　　. 　　　　　　类属关系运算符
　　.* 　　　　　成员指针运算符
　　:: 　　　　　作用域运算符
　　? : 　　　　　条件运算符
　　# 　　　　　编译预处理符号
　　sizeof() 　　取数据类型的长度

运算符重载的限制：

　　①优先级和结合性不变

　　②不能创造新的运算符

 1 #ifndef _RATIONAL_H_
 2 #define _RATIONAL_H_
 3 
 4 #include <string>
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 class Rational
 8 {
 9 private:
10     long numerator_;
11     long denominator_;
12     static long gcd(long n,long d);//最大公约数 
13 public:
14     Rational();
15     Rational(long numerator, long denominator);
16     long getNumerator();
17     long getDenominator();
18     Rational add(Rational &secondRational);
19     Rational subtract(Rational &secondRational);
20     Rational multiply(Rational &secondRational);
21     Rational divide(Rational &secondRational);
22     int compareTo(Rational &secondRational);
23     bool equals(Rational &secondRational);
24     int intValue();
25     double doubleValue();
26     string toString();
27     
28     //Define function operators for relational operators
29     bool operator<(Rational &secondRational);
30     bool operator<=(Rational &secondRational);
31     bool operator>(Rational &secondRational);
32     bool operator>=(Rational &secondRational);
33     bool operator==(Rational &secondRational);
34     bool operator!=(Rational &secondRational);
35     
36     //Define function operators for arithemetic operators
37     Rational operator+(Rational &secondRational);
38     Rational operator-(Rational &secondRational);
39     Rational operator*(Rational &secondRational);
40     Rational operator/(Rational &secondRational);
41     
42     //Define function operators for shorthand operators
43     Rational operator+=(Rational &secondRational);
44     Rational operator-=(Rational &secondRational);
45     Rational operator*=(Rational &secondRational);
46     Rational operator/=(Rational &secondRational);
47     
48     //Define function operator []
49     long& operator[](const int &index);
50     
51     //Define function operators for prefix ++ and --
52     Rational operator++();
53     Rational operator--();
54     
55     //Define function operators for postfix ++ and --
56     Rational operator++(int dummy);
57     Rational operator--(int dummy);
58     
59     //Define function operators for unary + and -
60     Rational operator+();
61     Rational operator-();
62     
63     //Define the output and input operator
64     friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, Rational &rational);
65     friend istream &operator>>(istream &stream, Rational &rational);
66     
67     //Define function operator for conversion
68     operator double();
69 };
70 #endif

Rational.h

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <sstream>
  3 
  4 #include <cmath>
  5 #include <cstdlib>
  6 
  7 #include "rational.h"
  8 using namespace std;
  9 
 10 Rational::Rational() {
 11     numerator_ = 0;
 12     denominator_ = 1;
 13 }
 14 
 15 Rational::Rational(long numerator, long denominator) {
 16     long factor = gcd(numerator, denominator);
 17     numerator_ = ((denominator > 0) ? 1 : -1) * numerator / factor;
 18     denominator_ = abs(denominator) / factor;
 19 }
 20 
 21 long Rational::gcd(long n,long d) {
 22     long n1 = abs(n);
 23     long n2 = abs(d);
 24     int gcd = 1;
 25     for(int i = 1; i <= n1 && i <= n2; i++) {
 26         if(n1 % i == 0 && n2 % i == 0)
 27             gcd = i;
 28     }
 29     return gcd;
 30 }
 31 
 32 long Rational::getNumerator() {
 33     return numerator_;
 34 }
 35 long Rational::getDenominator() {
 36     return denominator_;
 37 }
 38 
 39 Rational Rational::add(Rational &secondRational) {
 40     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator() +
 41         denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
 42     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
 43     return Rational(n, d); 
 44 }
 45 
 46 Rational Rational::subtract(Rational &secondRational) {
 47     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator() -
 48         denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
 49     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
 50     return Rational(n, d); 
 51 }
 52 
 53 Rational Rational::multiply(Rational &secondRational) {
 54     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
 55     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
 56     return Rational(n, d); 
 57 }
 58 
 59 Rational Rational::divide(Rational &secondRational) {
 60     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
 61     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
 62     return Rational(n, d);
 63 }
 64 
 65 int Rational::compareTo(Rational &secondRational) {
 66     Rational temp = this->subtract(secondRational);
 67     if( temp.getNumerator() < 0)
 68         return -1;
 69     else if(temp.getNumerator() == 0)
 70         return 0;
 71     else
 72         return 1;
 73 }
 74 bool Rational::equals(Rational &secondRational) {
 75     if(this->compareTo(secondRational) == 0)
 76         return true;
 77     else
 78         return false;
 79 }
 80 int Rational::intValue() {
 81     return getNumerator() / getDenominator();
 82 }
 83 
 84 double Rational::doubleValue() {
 85     return 1.0 * getNumerator() / getDenominator();
 86 }
 87 
 88 string Rational::toString() {
 89     stringstream stringStream;
 90     if( denominator_ != 1) {
 91         stringStream << numerator_ << "/" << denominator_;
 92     } else {
 93         stringStream << numerator_;
 94     }
 95     return string( stringStream.str() );
 96 }
 97 
 98 bool Rational::operator<(Rational &secondRational) {
 99     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) < 0);
100 }
101 bool Rational::operator<=(Rational &secondRational) {
102     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) <= 0);
103 }
104 bool Rational::operator>(Rational &secondRational) {
105     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) > 0);
106 }
107 bool Rational::operator>=(Rational &secondRational) {
108     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) >= 0);
109 }
110 bool Rational::operator==(Rational &secondRational) {
111     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) == 0);
112 }
113 bool Rational::operator!=(Rational &secondRational) {
114     return (this->compareTo(secondRational) != 0);
115 }
116 Rational Rational::operator+(Rational &secondRational) {
117     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator() +
118         denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
119     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
120     return Rational(n, d); 
121 }
122 
123 Rational Rational::operator-(Rational &secondRational) {
124     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator() -
125         denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
126     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
127     return Rational(n, d); 
128 }
129 Rational Rational::operator*(Rational &secondRational) {
130     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
131     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
132     return Rational(n, d); 
133 }
134 Rational Rational::operator/(Rational &secondRational) {
135     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
136     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
137     return Rational(n, d);
138 }
139 
140 Rational Rational::operator+=(Rational &secondRational) {
141     *this = this->add(secondRational);
142     return (*this);
143 }
144 Rational Rational::operator-=(Rational &secondRational) {
145     *this = this->subtract(secondRational);
146     return (*this); 
147 }
148 Rational Rational::operator*=(Rational &secondRational) {
149     *this = this->multiply(secondRational);
150     return (*this);
151 }
152 Rational Rational::operator/=(Rational &secondRational) {
153     *this = this->divide(secondRational);
154     return (*this);
155 }
156 
157 long& Rational::operator[](const int &index) {
158     if(index == 0)
159         return numerator_;
160     else if (index == 1)
161         return denominator_;
162     else {
163         cout << "subscript error" << endl;
164         exit(0);
165     }
166 }
167     
168 //Define function operators for prefix ++ and --
169 Rational Rational::operator++() {
170     numerator_ += denominator_;
171     return *this;
172 }
173 Rational Rational::operator--() {
174     numerator_ -= denominator_;
175     return *this;
176 }
177     
178 //Define function operators for postfix ++ and --
179 Rational Rational::operator++(int dummy) {
180     Rational temp(numerator_, denominator_);
181     numerator_ += denominator_;
182     return temp;
183 }
184 Rational Rational::operator--(int dummy) {
185     Rational temp(numerator_, denominator_);
186     numerator_ -= denominator_;
187     return temp;
188 }
189     
190 //Define function operators for unary + and -
191 Rational Rational::operator+() {
192     numerator_ *= 1;
193 }
194 Rational Rational::operator-() {
195     numerator_ *= -1;
196 }
197     
198 //Define the output and input operator
199 ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, Rational &rational) {
200     stream << rational.numerator_ << " / " << rational.denominator_;
201     return stream;
202 }
203 istream &operator>>(istream &stream, Rational &rational) {
204     cout << "Enter numerator: ";
205     stream >> rational.numerator_;
206     cout << "Enter denominator: ";
207     stream >> rational[1];
208 //    stream >> rational.denominator_;
209     return stream;
210 }
211     
212 //Define function operator for conversion
213 Rational::operator double() {
214     return doubleValue();
215 }

Rational.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "rational.h"
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main()
 6 {
 7     Rational r1(4,2);
 8     Rational r2(2,3);
 9     
10 //    r1 = r1.add(r2);
11     
12     cout << r1 << " > " << r2 << " is " << (r1 > r2) << endl;
13     cout << r1 << " < " << r2 << " is " << (r1 < r2) << endl;
14     cout << r1 << " == " << r2 << " is " << (r1 == r2) << endl;
15     cout << r1 << " != " << r2 << " is " << (r1 != r2) << endl;
16     
17     cout << r1 << " + " << r2 << " = " << r1 + r2 << endl;
18     cout << r1 << " - " << r2 << " = " << r1-r2 << endl;
19     cout << r1 << " * " << r2 << " = " << r1*r2 << endl;
20     cout << r1 << " / " << r2 << " = " << r1/r2 << endl;
21     
22     Rational r3(1,2);
23     r3 += r1;
24     cout << "r3 is " << r3 << endl;
25     
26     Rational r4(1,2);
27     r4[0] = 3;
28     r4[1] = 4;
29     cout << "r4 is " << r4 << endl;
30     
31     r3 = r4++;
32     cout << "r3 is " << r3 << endl;
33     cout << "r4 is " << r4 << endl;
34     
35     cout << "1 + " << r4 << " is " << (1 + r4) << endl;
36     return 0;
37 }

main.cpp

定义一个有理数类

1 class Rational
2 {
3 private:
4     long numerator_;
5     long denominator_;
6 }

1.简单运算符重载

1 Rational Rational::operator+(Rational &secondRational) {
2     long n = numerator_ * secondRational.getDenominator() +
3         denominator_ * secondRational.getNumerator();
4     long d = denominator_ * secondRational.getDenominator();
5     return Rational(n, d); 
6 }

2.重载[]运算符

　　[]重载后可用类似数组的语法格式访问对象内容

　　使[]返回一个引用，既可作为左值运算

　　来实现数组下标运算符作为访问器和修改器：可读写

　　Rational r(2,3);　　int x = r[0]; r[1] = 5;

 1 long& Rational::operator[](const int &index) {
 2     if(index == 0)
 3         return numerator_;
 4     else if (index == 1)
 5         return denominator_;
 6     else {
 7         cout << "subscript error" << endl;
 8         exit(0);
 9     }
10 }

3.重载一元运算符

--，++，-(负号)

当编译器遇到@obj; 时　　 (@代表单目运算符)
　　若operator @是在obj的类中的成员，则调用
　　　　obj.operator@()
　　若operator @是obj的类的friend 函数，则调用
　　　　operator @(obj)

前置重载无参数

后置重载带参数-- dummy(大米) -->只是用来区别两种自增算符，并不参加实际的运算。

 1 //Define function operators for prefix ++ and --
 2 Rational Rational::operator++() {
 3     numerator_ += denominator_;
 4     return *this;
 5 }
 6 Rational Rational::operator--() {
 7     numerator_ -= denominator_;
 8     return *this;
 9 }
10     
11 //Define function operators for postfix ++ and --
12 Rational Rational::operator++(int dummy) {
13     Rational temp(numerator_, denominator_);
14     numerator_ += denominator_;
15     return temp;
16 }
17 Rational Rational::operator--(int dummy) {
18     Rational temp(numerator_, denominator_);
19     numerator_ -= denominator_;
20     return temp;
21 }
22     
23 //Define function operators for unary + and -
24 Rational Rational::operator+() {
25     numerator_ *= 1;
26 }
27 Rational Rational::operator-() {
28     numerator_ *= -1;
29 }

4.重载流提取/插入运算符

　　运算符重载为类成员函数后,当调用该运算符时,左操作数必须是该类的实例。若<<和>>重载为成员函数，则只能用r1<<cout

　　只能重载为友元函数

　　返回引用可以 cout << r1 << r2;(从左到右)

　　无引用只能　cout << r1;

　　其他重载也应注意返回值类型。

 1 class Rational
 2 {
 3     friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, Rational &rational);
 4     friend istream &operator>>(istream &stream, Rational &rational);
 5 };
 6 //Define the output and input operator
 7 ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, Rational &rational) {
 8     stream << rational.numerator_ << " / " << rational.denominator_;
 9     return stream;
10 }
11 istream &operator>>(istream &stream, Rational &rational) {
12     cout << "Enter numerator: ";
13     stream >> rational.numerator_;
14     cout << "Enter denominator: ";
15     stream >> rational[1];
16 //    stream >> rational.denominator_;
17     return stream;
18 }

5.对象转换运算符

 1 double Rational::doubleValue() {
 2     return 1.0 * getNumerator() / getDenominator();
 3 }
 4 
 5 Rational::operator double(){
 6     returndoubleValue();
 7 }
 8 Eg：
 9     Rational r1(1,4);
10     double d = r1 +5.1;
11     cout <<"r1 + 5.1 is "<<d <<endl;

6.重载赋值运算符

　　默认情况下，赋值运算符执行对象成员的一对一拷贝

　　重载赋值运算符，改变其默认工作方式（浅拷贝深拷贝）

　　赋值运算符永远返回一个 *this的引用

Eg:

MyClass& MyClass::operator=(const MyClass& myclass) {

　　//code

　　return *this;

}

　　使得 MyClass a,b,c;

　　　　　a=b=c;合法

7.关于const 和引用&

const：如果类的成员函数不会改变对象的状态，那么这个成员函数应被声明为常函数。

返回引用& 或类：取决于你所希望得到的结果。Eg：连等 a = b = c

运算符重载

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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/kuotian/p/5399080.html

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