1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<cstring>
 3 #include<cstdio>
 4 #define ll __int64
 5 using namespace std;
 6 int t;
 7 ll q,p;
 8 ll ans1,ans2;
 9 ll re;
10 ll kuai(ll q,ll num,ll mod){
11     ll ans=0;
12     ll base=q;
13     while(num){
14         if(num%2) ans=(ans+base)%mod;
15         num/=2;
16         base=(base+base)%mod;
17     }
18     return ans%mod;
19 }
20 int main()
21 {
22     while(scanf("%d",&t)!=EOF)
23     {
24         for(int i=1;i<=t;i++)
25         {
26             scanf("%I64d %I64d",&q,&p);
27             if(q%2==0)
28             {
29                 ans1=(q-2)/2;
30                 ans1=ans1%p;
31                 ans2=q-1;
32             }
33             else
34             {
35                 ans1=(q-1)/2;
36                 ans1=ans1%p;
37                 ans2=q-2;
38             }
39           printf("%I64d\n",kuai(ans1,ans2,p));
40         }
41     }
42     return 0;
43 }